Kln 90b x plane 11 инструкция

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  KLN 90B Pilot’s Guide ® Bendix/King TSO’d GPS Navigation System ORS 20…
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  AlliedSignal, Inc. Commercial Avionics Systems 400 North Rogers Road Olathe, Kansas 66062-1294 FAX 913-791-1302 Telephone: (913) 782-0400 006-08773-0000 Rev.1 05/97…
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  KLN 90B PILOT’S GUIDE 006-08773-0000 for KLN 90Bs with OPERATIONAL REVISION STATUS (ORS) 20 IMPORTANT: Special installation procedures must be followed in order for the KLN 90B to be certified for IFR use. Consult the KLN 90B Flight Manual Supplement for the operating limitations of this unit.
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  THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Rev 1…

• Page 5: Table Of Contents

  TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION …………………………..I PREVIEW OF OPERATION ……………………….II CHAPTER 1 — KLN 90B SYSTEM COMPONENTS………………..1-1 CHAPTER 2 — DATA BASE ……………………….2-1 2.1 FUNCTIONS OF THE DATA BASE …………………….2-1 2.2 DATA BASE COVERAGE AREAS AND CONTENTS ………………2-1 2.3 USE OF ICAO IDENTIFIERS ………………………2-3 2.4 UPDATING THE DATABASE ……………………..2-3 2.4.1 Computer Updating of the Database ………………..2-4 2.4.2 Cartridge Exchange Updating of the Database ………………2-7…

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  3.11 VIEWING THE WAYPOINT PAGES ………………….3-42 3.11.1 Airport Pages ……………………..3-42 3.11.2 The Airport 1 Page (APT 1) ………………….3-42 3.11.3 The Airport 2 Page (APT 2) ………………….3-43 3.11.4 The Airport 3 Page (APT 3) ………………….3-43 3.11.5 The Airport 4 Page (APT 4) ………………….3-45 3.11.6 The Airport 5 Page (APT 5) ………………….3-47 3.11.7 The Airport 6 Page (APT 6) ………………….3-48 3.11.8 The Airport 7 Page (APT 7) ………………….3-49…
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  5.1.4 The Trip Planning 5 And Trip Planning 6 Pages (TRI 5 and TRI 6) ……….5-6 5.2 ADVISORY VNAV OPERATION ……………………5-7 5.2.1 VNAV For Direct To Operation ………………….5-7 5.2.2 VNAV For Flight Plan Operation ………………….5-9 5.2.3 VNAV From the Super NAV 5 Page ………………..5-9 5.3 CALCULATOR PAGES ……………………..5-10 5.3.1 The Calculator 1 Page (CAL 1) ………………….5-10 5.3.2 The Calculator 2 Page (CAL 2) ………………….5-11…
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  CHAPTER 6 — LEVEL 4 OPERATION…………………….6-1 6.1 NON-PRECISION APPROACH OPERATIONS ………………..6-1 6.1.1 Selecting An Approach ……………………6-4 6.1.2 Interpreting What You See …………………….6-5 6.1.3 Changing or Deleting An Approach Once Loaded Into The Flight Plan ……….6-7 6.1.4 Example Approach: No Procedure Turn ………………..6-8 6.1.5 Example Approach: Off-Airport Navaid ………………..6-10 6.1.6 Example Approach: Radar Vectors ………………..6-12 6.1.7 Example Approach: On-Airport Navaid ………………..6-14…

• Page 9: Introduction

  INTRODUCTION The KLN 90B is an extremely sophisticated navigational As you become proficient with using the KLN 90B, don’t device, capable of providing highly accurate navigation be tempted to rely on it as the sole means of navigation. over most parts of the world. You will be amazed at all A good pilot never relies on just one source of naviga- of the navigational and other aeronautical functions that tion for either VFR or IFR flying.

• Page 10: Preview Of Operation

  PREVIEW OF OPERATION No doubt you are going to read this entire manual just Test page. (Note: If the KLN 90B is installed for as soon as you possibly can. But just to get an idea of VFR only operation, a VFR only warning page is how easy the KLN 90B is to operate, the following oper- diplayed after the self test page has been ational preview is presented.

• Page 11: Chapter 1 — Kln 90B System Components

  AlliedSignal furnished 3.5 inch diskettes. The database may also be updated by removing the obsolete cartridge and replacing it with a current one.

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  KA 91 GPS Antenna KA 92 GPS Antenna Two GPS antennas can be used with the KLN 90B. One Compatible air data systems are available from is the KA91 and the other is the KA 92. The KA 92 is Bendix/King and Shadin Co.

• Page 13: Chapter 2 — Database

  CHAPTER 2 — DATABASE One reason the KLN 90B is such a powerful navigation system is because of its extensive database. A database is an area of electronic memory used to store a large cat- alog of navigational and aeronautical information. 2.2 DATABASE COVERAGE AREAS AND 2.1 FUNCTIONS OF THE DATABASE CONTENTS…

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  only for airports in the primary area of the database. NDBs Intersections, air route traffic control center data, flight • Identifier service station frequencies, and special use airspace are • Name also provided only for the primary area. • Frequency •…

• Page 15: Use Of Icao Identifiers

  3C2, 7TX6, and M33. tridge exchange method of database updating is used, AlliedSignal sends the update so that it arrives prior to the So remember, if you are entering or looking for an next effective date. The new update may be installed any…

• Page 16: Computer Updating Of The Database

  2.4.1 Computer Updating Of The Database Update information is sent to you on several 3.5” disks. In order to use this update method you must have access to an IBM compatible computer having a disk drive capa- ble of using and booting (loading) from 3.5” 1.44 megabyte high density disks.

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  3. Turn on the computer being used for the database update. Insert Disk 1 into the computer’s disk drive. There can be either 2 or 3 disks used for the update so be sure the label on the outside of the disk says “Disk 1 of 2”…
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  8. Press E to acknowledge the estimated load time U P D A T E and begin erasing the existing database. The unit will D A T A B A S E now display ERASING DATA BASE (figure 2-6). After the database has been erased, loading of the new data E R A S I N G begins automatically.

• Page 19: Cartridge Exchange Updating Of The Database

  2.4.2 Cartridge Exchange Updating of the Database To exchange the KLN 90B cartridge it is necessary to remove the KLN 90B from the aircraft’s instrument panel. The KLN 90B and the mounting rack have been designed to provide for easy removal. Follow these steps to update the database cartridge.

• Page 20: User Defined Database

  8. The container which was used to ship the new car- tridge to you is used to return the old cartridge back to AlliedSignal. A return shipping label is included in the container. Remove the backing from the label and place it in the address position of the shipping container.

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  KLN 90B Data Base Update Service Order Form Consult Pricing Sheet (006-08794-0001) for Service Prices AlliedSignal GAA offers several update ser- provided, or by calling the telephone num- ber below to set up an account. vice options to suit your requirements.
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  Fold here NO POSTAGE NECESSARY IF MAILED IN THE UNITED STATES BUSINESS REPLY MAIL FIRST-CLASS MAIL PERMIT NO. 121 OLATHE, KANSAS POSTAGE WILL BE PAID BY ADDRESSEE ALLIEDSIGNAL COMMERCIAL AVIONICS SYSTEMS M D 66 400 NORTH ROGERS ROAD OLATHE KS 66062-9987…

• Page 23: Chapter 3 — Level 1 Operation

  CHAPTER 3 — LEVEL 1 OPERATION This is the first of three chapters specifically dealing with to perform Direct To navigation (navigating from your pre- operating the KLN 90B. In this chapter you will learn the sent position direct to your desired location). basic operation of the front panel controls and then how 3.1 COVERAGE AREA The KLN 90B was designed to provide worldwide naviga-…

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  KLN 90B CONTROLS LEFT CURSOR POWER/BRIGHTNESS ı RIGHT KLN 90B TSO PUSH CURSOR $=KOSH |=KOSH +++++Ê+++++|WITTMAN 683nm| 193kt| CRSR CRSR 3:34|N 43^59.06′ 303^|W 88^33.42′ NAV 1|enr-leg |APT 1 CALC PULL STAT ACTV SCAN MODE SETUP TRIP OTHER SUPL RIGHT LEFT OUTER OUTER ENTER MESSAGE…

• Page 25: Turn-On And Self Test

  “in” position. The power/brightness ORS 20 knob is located on the upper right side of the unit. It c1994 ALLIEDSIGNAL INC takes just a few seconds for the screen to warm up. 2. The Turn-On page will be displayed for a few sec- onds (figure 3-3).

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  The distance field (DIS) always displays 34.5 NM (nautical miles). If the KLN 90B is interfaced to a compatible indicator that displays DME distance, the indicator should be displaying 34.5 nautical miles. If the KLN 90B is interfaced with a mechanical NAV indicator such as an HSI or a course deviation indica- tor (CDI), the D-bar (deviation bar) should be indicat- ing a half scale deviation to the right.
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  The KLN 90B needs to have the correct time, date, and position to be able to determine which satellites should be in view. This information is stored in the battery backed memory of the KLN 90B so it is not normally required to update it.
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  You will be able to change the time zone any time you desire on several other pages, so don’t worry if you’re not sure which time zone to choose. UTC — Coordinated Universal Time (also called “Zulu”) is always a safe choice.
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  9. To enter the correct baro setting, rotate the right inner |DATE/TIME |DATE/TIME knob to select the first two digits of the correct altime- 03 AUG 94 03 AUG 94 ter setting (figure 3-19). Rotate the right outer knob |16:28:08UTC |16:27:53UTC one step clockwise to move the flashing cursor over |ALT…
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  The NAV 2 page (present position) is now automatically PRESENT POS|=KHIF displayed on the left side of the screen and the waypoint |CLR 124.10 page for the waypoint which was active when the KLN — —^fr |GRND 121.60 90B was last turned off will be displayed on the right side —- -nm |TWR 126.20 (figure 3-26).

• Page 31: Display Format

  3.3 DISPLAY FORMAT The KLN 90B uses a Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) display. The display screen is divided into segments. These seg- ments are formed by horizontal and vertical lines on the screen. Most of the time there are five segments as shown in figure 3-28.

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  pages, all having the same page number, used to present | KMKC all of the required information. That is, all of the informa- |APR 119.00 tion associated with a particular page number doesn’t fit |DEP 119.00 on the page being viewed. In this case the “+” sign indi- cates that there are two or more APT 4 pages.

• Page 33: Basic Operation Of Panel Controls

  3.4 BASIC OPERATION OF PANEL CONTROLS Remember that figure 3-2 is on a fold-out page that you may want to refer to as you read this chapter. The KLN 90B has five knobs and seven buttons which are used to perform all operations. In general, the two concentric knobs and the cursor button (C) located on the left side of the unit are used to select pages and enter data on the left side of the screen.

• Page 34: Page Selection

  3.4.1 Page Selection It’s now time for learning to select a desired page. NOTE: The cursor function, which is controlled by the left and right C (cursor) buttons, is not used in selecting pages and the C buttons should not be pressed at this time.

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  You’ve probably already figured out that the right side of the unit operates in a similar manner to the left side. There are, however, a couple of differences. First, the page types are different for the right side except for NAV. The Navigation pages are identical on both sides of the screen.

• Page 36: Data Entry

  3.4.2 Data Entry KLAX -KOAK | KLAX -KOAK | Now that you’ve learned how to select the desired page, 293nm 305^| 293nm 305^| you’re ready to learn the means of entering data. It is 180kt 1:38| 180kt 1:38| necessary to enter data, for example, in order to specify a FF: 00030.0| FF: 00030.0| Direct To waypoint of your choice.

• Page 37: Alternative Waypoint Data Entry Method

  3.4.3 Alternative Waypoint Data Entry Method P.POS-KDEN | KLAX There is another method of data entry for waypoints 701nm 055^|LOS ANGELES which you will sometimes find convenient. This method 180kt 3:54| INTL applies when there is a page on the left side of the screen FF: 00030.0|CL B with the cursor over a field where a waypoint is enterable.

• Page 38: Message Page

  3.5 MESSAGE PAGE Whenever the KLN 90B determines that there is a situa- PRESENT POS|=KMKO tion that requires your attention, the MSG prompt begins |UNIC 122.80 flashing in inverse video at the bottom of the display just 086^fr|CTAF 122.80 to the right of the mode of operation (figure 3-55). A 24.4nm|PCL 122.80 remote message annunciator may also be installed in the…

• Page 39: Initialization And Time To First Fix

  3.6 INITIALIZATION AND TIME TO FIRST Since the KLN 90B stores its position and other required parameters in memory when power to the unit is removed, it is seldom necessary to aid the unit in reach- ing a NAV ready condition. The time required from power on until the KLN 90B determines its present position and is therefore ready to navigate is called “time to first fix.”…

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  1. Select the Setup 1 page (SET 1) by first turning the left outer knob to display a SET type page. Next, turn the left inner knob until the SET 1 page is selected (figure 3-57). INIT POSN 2. Press the left C to bring the cursor on the page over WPT: the WPT field (figure 3-58).
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  NOTE: The groundspeed (KT) and heading ( ° ) fields are not used for actual initialization in an aircraft. However, if the KLN 90B is in the take-home mode, entering a groundspeed will allow the KLN 90B to “fly” along the active flight plan (or to a direct to waypoint) starting from the initialization waypoint.

• Page 42: Selecting Waypoints

  3.7 SELECTING WAYPOINTS There are five types of waypoints: airports, VORs, NDBs, intersections, and supplemental. Waypoints in the pub- lished database (those in the cartridge) fall into one of the first four types. Remember that you can create up to 250 of your own waypoints which you may designate as one of the first four types or you may designate it as a supple- mental waypoint which simply means that it is a miscella-…

• Page 43: Selecting Waypoints By Scanning

  Did you notice that as you entered the “K” in step 3 that the second and third characters also changed? That is because every time you enter a character (in this case the “K”), the KLN 90B searches its database to offer the first waypoint in the database which begins with the char- acters you have already entered.

• Page 44: Nearest» And «Complete» Waypoint Scan Lists

  3.7.3 “Nearest” And “Complete” Waypoint Scan Lists There are actually two waypoint scan lists for airports, VORs, and NDBs. These two lists are the “complete” list and the “nearest” list. The complete list contains all of the waypoints in the database for a waypoint type (all the air- ports for example).

• Page 45: Nearest Airports In An Emergency

  5. Turn the left inner knob to select either HRD SFT or to select HRD. If HRD SFT is chosen, then both hard and soft surface runways meeting the required runway length will be included in the nearest airport list. If HRD is chosen, then only hard surface runways will be included.

• Page 46: Continuous Display Of Nearest Airport

  3.7.3.2 Continuous Display Of Nearest Airport When the nearest airport page is initially displayed, “NR 1” is displayed in the upper right hand corner of the page to designate this airport as the nearest airport. However, if you continue to fly along your flight plan with this page selected, the same airport will be displayed and its posi- tion in the nearest airport list will change from NR 1 to NR 2, NR 3, NR 4 …

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  4. Turn the right inner knob to display the first character | ABB D |PNE of the waypoint name, “N” in this case (figure 3-78). |NABB PHILADELP |HIA 5. Turn the right outer knob one step clockwise and then |112.40 |112.00 10^W use the right inner knob to enter the second character, |N 38^35.33’…
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  11.Rotate the right outer knob one more step clockwise | KONP | KPHF to position the cursor over the fifth character. |NEWPORT MUN |NEWPORT NEW 12.Pull the right inner knob to the “out” position (figure 3- 84). Once again rotate the knob to scan through all |N 44^39.82′ |N 37^07.91′ the airport names beginning with “NEWP”.

• Page 49: Direct To Operation

  3.8 DIRECT TO OPERATION The D button is used to initiate Direct To operation (navigation from your present position direct to your desti- DIRECT TO: | nation). When D is pressed, the Direct To page will be KDEN displayed on the left side with a flashing cursor over a waypoint identifier (figure 3-87).

• Page 50: Direct To-Procedure 1

  3.8.1 Direct To-Procedure 1 DIRECT TO: | DIRECT TO: | 1. Press D. The Direct To page is displayed on the left side (figure 3-87). The cursor will already be on the left page. A waypoint identifier may or may not be dis- played, it doesn’t matter at this point.

• Page 51: To Recenter The D-Bar

  3. Press E to approve the waypoint page displayed on PRESENT POS| $=KOSH the right side. The right side will now display the NAV |+++++Ê+++++ 1 page, and the left side will return to the page which 045^fr|DIS 683nm was displayed prior to pressing D (figure 3-96). If 15.2nm|GS 193kt the Direct To was started while the NAV 1 page was…

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• Page 53: The Navigation

  3.9 THE NAVIGATION PAGES As you would expect, the NAV (navigation) pages contain information relating specifically to the KLN 90B’s naviga- tion capabilities. The KLN 90B has five NAV pages. Unlike any other pages, these pages may be selected and viewed on both the left and right sides of the screen. The procedure for selecting specific pages, including the NAV pages, was described in section 3.4.1, “Page Selection.”…

• Page 54: The Super Nav 1 Page

  3.9.2 The Super NAV 1 Page $=KOSH When the NAV 1 page is selected on both the left and right sides at the same time, the Super NAV 1 page is displayed (figure 3-102). The Super NAV 1 page contains 683nm 3:34 exactly the same information as the standard NAV 1 page…

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  • Minimum Safe Altitude for present position (MSA) — clear all reference points by 1000 feet in areas where IMPORTANT: The minimum safe altitude displayed the highest reference points are 5000 feet MSL or is the altitude defined by Jeppesen as “Grid Minimum lower.

• Page 56: The Navigation 4 Page (Nav 4)

  3.9.5 The Navigation 4 Page (NAV 4) The NAV 4 page (figure 3-107) is used for altitude alerting 6200ft| and for advisory vertical navigation (VNAV). The opera- 6300ft| tion of altitude alerting is described in section 3.15 and SEL: 3500ft| the operation of VNAV is described in section 5.2.

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  knob to display N? for North up, DTK? for desired track up (figure 3-112), TK? for actual track up (figure 3-113), or HDG? for heading up (figure 3-114). The heading up selection is not presented as a choice if heading is not provided to the KLN 90B.

• Page 58: The Super Nav 5 Page

  3.9.7 The Super NAV 5 Page Regardless of whether you ultimately learn to use just the Direct To capabilities of the KLN 90B or whether you master all of its sophisticated features, you will definitely want to learn how to use the Super NAV 5 page! The Super NAV 5 page provides you with a true moving map display of your present position and route of flight in relation to nearby navaids and airports.

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  Like the NAV 5 page, the Super NAV 5 page shows a graphics depiction of the direct to waypoint or the way- points making up the active flight plan. But surprise num- ber one is that the Super NAV 5 page shows alphanu- meric waypoint identifiers on the graphics display to make orientation even easier for you.
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  The last surprise for this page is that it is possible for you to change the active waypoint to any of the flight plan waypoints without having to leave this very useful page. This is done by pulling on the right inner knob to place it 9.0 oq in the “out”…

• Page 61: Special Use Airspace Alert

  3.10 SPECIAL USE AIRSPACE ALERT The KLN 90B database contains the location of areas of special use airspace (SUA). The types of SUA areas stored in the database and the abbreviations used to denote these areas are the following: Class B CL B Class C CL C…

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  update the altimeter baro setting on the ALT page The message prompt for a special use airspace alert will each time you make a change to an aircraft’s altime- occur when the aircraft’s position is at a point such that a ter setting.
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  The SUA alert feature may be disabled (or enabled) on AIRSPACE AIRSPACE the Setup 8 (SET page, shown in figure 3-129. After ALERT ALERT displaying the SET 8 page on the left side, press the left ENABLE DISABLE C to turn on the left cursor function. The left inner knob is used to display AIRSPACE ALERT ENABLE or AIR- VERT BUFFER| SPACE ALERT DISABLE.

• Page 64: Viewing The Waypoint

  3.11 VIEWING THE WAYPOINT PAGES You learned in section 3.7, “SELECTING WAYPOINTS”, the different means of selecting the desired waypoint. You will now see what information may be displayed for each of the waypoint types (airport, VOR, NDB, intersec- tion, and supplemental). 3.11.1 Airport Pages There are eight airport pages (APT 1, APT 2, …, APT for every airport in the published database.

• Page 65: The Airport 2 Page (Apt 2)

  3.11.3 The Airport 2 Page (APT 2) |=KORL See figure 3-135. |ORLANDO • Airport identifier. An arrow precedes the identifier if it |ELV 110ft is the active waypoint. |Z-05(-04DT) |ILS • The city where the airport is located. APT 2 Figure 3-135 •…

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  The primary APT 3 page (figure 3-137) follows the run- |=KORL way diagram. Runway designation, lighting, and types of | RT 25 surface for up to five runways are displayed in order of |07 /25 length, beginning with the longest. Since there are many 5998′ HRD times when all of an airport’s runway information does not |13 /31…

• Page 67: The Airport 4 Page (Apt 4)

  3.11.5 The Airport 4 Page (APT 4) |=KORL See figure 3-138 |ATIS*127.25 |CLR *118.05 The APT 4 page is used to display communication fre- |GRND*121.40 quencies for the selected airport. |TWR *118.70 |CTAF*118.70 • Airport identifier. An arrow precedes the identifier if it APT[4 is the active waypoint.

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  The frequencies associated with CL B, CL C, TRSA, |=KORL CTA, or TMA are VFR frequencies. Airports which have |APR 121.10 one of these categories of frequencies also have APR | REF: KMCO and DEP which are IFR frequencies. | 311^- 60^ | BEL 5500ft Where required, APR, DEP, CL B, CL C, TRSA, CTA, and TMA frequencies are sectorized.

• Page 69: The Airport 5 Page (Apt 5)

  3.11.6 The Airport 5 Page (APT 5) The Airport 5 page is used to store and display user- entered remarks. These remarks might include informa- tion on lodging, dining, airport services, or anything else you desire to record for later use. Up to 100 airports may contain these remarks.

• Page 70: The Airport 6 Page (Apt 6)

  3.11.7 The Airport 6 Page (APT 6) |=KORL The APT 6 page shows aeronautical services available for the selected airport. These services include customs, fuel, |100 JET and oxygen availability as well as an indicator to denote the presence of a landing fee. Refer to figure 3-146. |NO OXYGEN |NO FEE INFO •…

• Page 71: The Airport 7 Page (Apt 7)

  3.11.8 The Airport 7 Page (APT 7) =KFNL The APT 7 page shows the SID and STAR procedures KLAX NO SID/STAR SELECT STAR that are available for the selected airport. If both SID and FOR THIS 1 CIVET4 STAR procedures are available then there will be two APT AIRPORT 2 DOWNE4 7 pages indicated by APT+7 (figure 3-147).

• Page 72: The Ndb Page

  3.11.11 The NDB Page |=OWI The NDB page shown in figure 3-153 for Ottawa NDB is |OTTAWA used to illustrate the contents of an NDB page. |FREQ • NDB identifier. An arrow precedes the identifier if it is |N 38^32.55′ the active waypoint.

• Page 73: The Supplemental Waypoint Page (Sup)

  5. Press E to display the waypoint page for the identi- |=KENZY |=KENZY fier just entered. |REF: |REF: |RAD: 152.2^ |RAD: 152.2^ 6. Press E to approve the waypoint page. The |DIS: 3.7nm |DIS: 3.7nm Intersection page is displayed with the computed |N 39^13.25′ |N 39^13.25′ radial and distance (figure 3-158).

• Page 74: Frequencies For Nearest Flight Service Stations

  3.12 FREQUENCIES FOR NEAREST FLIGHT SERVICE STATIONS The KLN 90B stores in its database the locations of Flight Service Stations (FSS) and their remote communications sites. In addition, the KLN 90B determines which two of these FSS points of communication are closest to your present location.

• Page 75: Viewing And Setting The Date And Time

  3.14 VIEWING AND SETTING THE DATE AND TIME The KLN 90B system time and date should seldom, if ever, require updating because they are automatically updated when at least one satellite is received. In addition, the KLN 90B contains an internal battery powered calendar clock to keep system time and date when the unit is not being used.

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  If it is required to set the time: DATE/TIME | DATE/TIME | 1. Select the SET 2 page on the left side. 11 SEP 94| 11 SEP 94| 21:23:04UTC| 16:23:04CDT| 2. Press the left C to turn on the left cursor function if it CORD UNIV/Z| CENTRAL DAY| is not on already.

• Page 77: Altitude Alerting

  3.15 ALTITUDE ALERTING If your aircraft does not already have an altitude alerting capability you may wish to use the KLN 90B’s capability of assisting you with altitude management during your flying. Altitude alerting allows you to select a target altitude and it ALTITUDE |VNV INACTV then provides you with an aural alarm 1000 feet prior to…

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  5. Enter the selected altitude one digit at a time in the SEL ALTITUDE |VNV INACTV field of the NAV 4 page by using the right outer knob to position the cursor over the desired digit and the right BARO:30.09″|IND 09000ft inner knob to change the digits until the entire selected ALERT: ON =|SEL:04000ft altitude is displayed (figure 3-180).
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  The volume of the aural alarm tone is changeable on the SET 9 page (figure 3-181). Press the left C to activate ALTITUDE the left cursor and use the left inner and outer knobs to ALERT VOLUME: select a desired volume between 00 and 99. Increasing numbers increases the volume.

• Page 80: Height Above Airport Alert

  3.16 HEIGHT ABOVE AIRPORT ALERT HT ABOVE APT ALERT | The height above airport alert feature can provide you a means of knowing when you are at traffic pattern altitude or when you are at a fixed height above the airport where APT ELEV you might perform any repetitive duty.

• Page 81: Remote Mounted Annunciators

  The alert tone is provided in the same way as described in section 3.15, “Altitude Alerting”. The volume is adjustable on the SET 9 page. In order to use the height above airport alert, an altitude input must be provided to the KLN 90B. If the altitude input to the KLN 90B is pressure altitude such as from an altitude encoder or air data computer, then the altitude must be corrected with the proper altimeter baro setting.

• Page 82: Sample Trip

  3.18 SAMPLE TRIP 9. Press E again to approve the waypoint page. The NAV 1 page is now displayed on the right side of the screen while the NAV 2 page returns to the left side. Just to make sure you are ready to use the KLN 90B for The NAV 1 page indicates it is 384 nautical miles to navigation, let’s go through a sample trip to illustrate Austin and that the bearing is 225 degrees.

• Page 83: Terminal Area

  While the display menu is displayed, select the track up map orientation (TK) as well. Pressing the right C again removes the menu from the screen. You select the 30 nm range scale on the left side using the left C and left knobs.

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• Page 85: Chapter 4 — Level 2 Operation

  CHAPTER 4 — LEVEL 2 OPERATION This is the second of four chapters specifically dealing with reduces your enroute workload regardless of whether your operating the KLN 90B. In this chapter you will learn to flying is done VFR or IFR. Other advantages of creating create and use flight plans.

• Page 86: Creating A Flight Plan

  4.1.1 Creating A Flight Plan A flight plan for a flight from Lakefront airport in New Orleans, LA. to St. Petersburg/Clearwater, FL. USE? INVRT?| LOAD FPL 0?| International airport will be used as an example of how to 1:KMKC create a flight plan. The waypoints making up the flight 2:BUM plan are: KNEW (Lakefront airport), GPT (Gulfport VOR), 3:OSW…

• Page 87: Activating A Numbered Flight Plan

  that, for some reason, the governing agencies have decided that it is important to fly directly over the waypoint instead of being able to “cut the corner” by using turn anticipation (see section 4.2.2). In these cases the KLN 90B will present a waypoint type identification | SWR D page (Figure 4-7a).

• Page 88: Adding A Waypoint To A Flight Plan

  4. Press E to activate the flight plan in the order shown USE? INVRT?| (figure 4-12). To activate the flight plan in inverse 1:KNEW 1:KNEW order (first waypoint becomes last and last waypoint 2:GPT 2:GPT becomes first), rotate the left outer knob one step 3:SJI 3:SJI clockwise to position the cursor over USE? INVRT?

• Page 89: Deleting A Waypoint From A Flight Plan

  4.1.4 Deleting A Waypoint From A Flight Plan To delete a waypoint from a flight plan: USE? INVRT?| 1. Press the left C to enable the left cursor function if it 1:KNEW 1:KNEW is not on already. 2:GPT 2:GPT 3:BUGLE DEL BUGLE? 2.

• Page 90: Storing Fpl 0 As A Numbered Flight Plan

  4.1.6 Storing FPL 0 As A Numbered Flight Plan LOAD FPL 0?| The active flight plan may be loaded into a numbered flight plan so that it can be recalled for later use. This may be desirable, for example, if the active flight plan was originally created on the FPL 0 page and not as a num- bered flight plan.

• Page 91: Operating From The Active Flight Plan

  4.2 OPERATING FROM THE ACTIVE FLIGHT PLAN 4.2.1 General Procedures Everything you have learned in this Pilot’s Guide thus far is applicable to using the KLN 90B for flight plan opera- tion. The following rules and considerations apply for flight plan operation while the KLN 90B is in the Leg mode: •…

• Page 92: Turn Anticipation And Waypoint Alerting

  • If the flight plan contains more waypoints than can be 3:SJI displayed on the screen at one time, the page will ; 4:CEW automatically scroll as progress is made along the < 5:MAI flight plan so that the active leg is always displayed 6:TLH (figure 4-32).

• Page 93
  The desired track (DTK) displayed on the NAV 3 page TURN also changes to the value for the next leg at the beginning ANTICIPATE | of turn anticipation. Turn anticipation becomes inactive when transition to the next leg has been made. ENABLE In some installtions the KLN 90B can “read”…

• Page 94: Viewing The Waypoint Pages For The Active Flight Plan Waypoints

  4.2.3 Viewing The Waypoint Pages For The Active ; 1:KNEW |= 2 GPT D V Flight Plan Waypoints < 2:GPT |GULFPORT The waypoint pages(s) for each of the waypoints in the 3:SJI active flight plan may be easily displayed by selecting the 4:CEW |109.00 Active Waypoint page type (ACT) on the right side.

• Page 95: The Distance/Time

  1. Select the FPL 0 page of the left side. ; 1:KNEW |= 2 GPT D V < 2:GPT |GULFPORT 2. Press the left C and then use the left outer knob to 3:SJI position the cursor over the desired waypoint (figure 4- 4:CEW |109.00 40).

• Page 96: The Distance/Time 2 Page (D/T 2)

  If a non-flight plan page is displayed on the left, the format KNEW =GPT | = 2 GPT of the D/T 1 page changes to display just the distance +++++Ê+++++|DIS 34NM and ETE for the active waypoint and for the last waypoint 34.2nm|ETE in the flight plan (figure 4-46).

• Page 97: The Distance/Time 4 Page (D/T 4)

  4.2.9 The Distance/Time 4 Page (D/T 4) KPIE The format of the D/T 4 page does not change. It dis- |DEP 15:02 plays on a single page the pertinent times for the flight |TIME 15:12 regardless of what is displayed on the left page and |ETA 17:51 regardless of whether flight plan or Direct To operation is…

• Page 98
  THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 4-14 Rev 1…

• Page 99: Sample Trip

  4.3 SAMPLE TRIP Let’s use a sample trip to illustrate some of the KLN 90B’s flight plan features you learned to use in this section of the Pilot’s Guide. The flight will be from Lakefront airport in New Orleans, LA. (KNEW) to St. Petersburg/Clearwater, FL. international airport (KPIE).

• Page 100: Pre-Departure

  4.3.1 Pre-Departure |DIS 1. After turn-on and approval of the Self Test and 1:KNEW Database pages, the APT 4 page (airport communica- 2:GPT |—- —:— tion frequencies) for KNEW is displayed on the right 3:SJI |—- —:— side of the screen. Viewing the APT 4 page, you set 4:CEW |—- —:—…

• Page 101
  3. As you pass abeam GPT, the leg orientation automati- 1:KNEW |DIS cally changes to the second leg (figure 4-61). ; 2:GPT < 3:SJI | 42 4. After joining the second leg of the flight plan, you view 4:CEW |129 the D/T 1 page to see that the ETE to SJI is 14 min- 5:MAI |209…
• Page 102
  8. When you are 20 NM West of MAI, you decide to pro- 18.9 oq ceed direct to Cross City VOR (CTY). To do this from the Super NAV 5 page, you pull out the right inner xy-«} | knob and scan through the active flight plan until CTY 180 uv is displayed (figure 4-66).

• Page 103: Chapter 5 — Level 3 Operation

  CHAPTER 5 — LEVEL 3 OPERATION This is the third of four chapters specifically dealing with the Trip Planning pages, the Calculator pages, and operating the KLN 90B. In this chapter you will learn to other features that you may find very beneficial and con- use many of the supplementary features of the KLN venient to use in your flying.

• Page 104: The Trip Planning 0 Page (Tri 0)

  5.1.1 The Trip Planning 0 Page (TRI 0) If desired, you may enter the aircraft’s true airspeed (TAS) and the winds aloft on the TRI 0 page so that this information is utilized on the other Trip Planning pages. TRIP PLAN | TRIP PLAN | The KLN 90B uses the TAS and winds entered on the ESTIMATES |…

• Page 105: The Trip Planning 1 And Trip Planning 2 Pages (Tri 1 And Tri 2)

  5.1.2 The Trip Planning 1 And Trip Planning 2 Pages (TRI 1 and TRI 2) The TRI 1 and TRI 2 pages allow trip planning from your present position to any waypoint of your choice. Unlike the other Trip Planning pages, in order to utilize the TRI 1 and TRI 2 pages, the KLN 90B must either be receiv- ing GPS signals sufficient to be in the NAV ready status or the KLN 90B must be in the take-home mode.

• Page 106
  7. You can also calculate an estimate of the fuel required to the selected waypoint. Turn the left outer knob to position the cursor over the appropriate first digit adjacent to fuel flow (FF). 8. Use the left inner and outer knobs as before to enter P.POS-KSLC | the aircraft’s rate of fuel flow.

• Page 107: The Trip Planning 3 And Trip Planning 4 Pages (Tri 3 And Tri 4)

  5.1.3 The Trip Planning 3 And Trip Planning 4 Pages (TRI 3 and TRI 4) The TRI 3 and TRI 4 pages allow trip planning between KIND -KOSH | KIND -KOSH | any two waypoints. The KLN 90B does not have to be 275nm 341^| 275nm 341^| receiving GPS signals or even be connected to an…

• Page 108: The Trip Planning 5 And Trip Planning 6 Pages (Tri 5 And Tri 6)

  5.1.4 The Trip Planning 5 And Trip Planning 6 Pages (TRI 5 and TRI 6) The TRI 5 and TRI 6 pages are used to do trip planning for any one of the previously entered flight plans (FPL 0, FPL 1, FPL 2, …, FPL 25). The KLN 90B does not have to be receiving GPS signals or even be connected to an FP 3 463nm|…

• Page 109: Advisory Vnav Operation

  5.2 ADVISORY VNAV OPERATION $=KDBQ The KLN 90B’s vertical navigation feature (VNAV) allows you to program a descent or ascent path, and 64.8nm then provides you with an advisory altitude to fly that will 145kt 094^ provide guidance along the vertical path. For example, you can program the VNAV to provide descent guidance NAV 1 enr-leg NAV 1…

• Page 110
  4. Use the outer knob to move the cursor to the offset field adjacent to the active waypoint identifier. |VNV INACTV Entering an offset allows you to reach the desired |IND 07500ft altitude a specified distance before reaching the way- |SEL:01900ft point.

• Page 111: Vnav For Flight Plan Operation

  5.2.2 VNAV For Flight Plan Operation Using the vertical navigation function when flying via a flight plan is virtually the same as for the previous Direct To example. The NAV 4 page will initially contain the identifier for the active “to” waypoint in the flight plan. You may program the vertical ascent or descent refer- encing this waypoint or you may enter the identifier for any waypoint in the active flight plan which is…

• Page 112: Calculator

  5.3 CALCULATOR PAGES ALTITUDE | IND:09000ft| There are seven Calculator pages which may be used to BARO:29.92″| calculate a variety of flight related information such as 9000ft| pressure and density altitude, true airspeed, winds aloft, TEMP: 005^C| VNAV angle, and time zone conversions. The Calculator 9900ft| pages allow you to make “what if”…

• Page 113: The Calculator 2 Page (Cal 2)

  The density altitude (DEN) is now displayed. 6. Press the left C to turn off the left cursor function. NOTE: If a compatible air data system is interfaced to the KLN 90B the Other 10 (OTH 10) page displays pressure and density altitude directly for the present conditions.

• Page 114: The Calculator 3 Page (Cal 3)

  5.3.3 The Calculator 3 Page (CAL 3) WIND The CAL 3 page is used to determine the present wind 164kt| direction and speed. In addition, the headwind or tailwind 000^| component of the wind is displayed. To calculate these HDWND 12kt| values: WIND…

• Page 115: The Calculator 5 Page (Cal 5)

  5.3.5 The Calculator 5 Page (CAL 5) TEMP/SPEED | The CAL 5 page is used to perform two types of conver- 000^C sions: 1) Degrees Centigrade (C) to degrees 032^F Fahrenheit (F) and vice versa and 2) knots (KT) to miles per hour (MPH) and vice versa.

• Page 116: The Calculator 6 Page (Cal 6)

  5.3.6 The Calculator 6 Page (CAL 6) The CAL 6 page is used to convert any time in one time zone to the corresponding time in another time zone. A listing of available time zones is contained in section 3.2. For example, it if is presently 9:56 am Pacific TIME CONV | Standard Time (PST) and you wished to determine the 11:56 CST |…

• Page 117: The Calculator 7 Page (Cal 7)

  5.3.7 The Calculator 7 Page (CAL 7) The CAL 7 page is used to display the times of sunrise and sunset for any waypoint in the published or user database. It can do this for any date you desire until December 31, 2087.

• Page 118: User-Defined Waypoints

  5.4 USER-DEFINED WAYPOINTS Up to 250 user-defined waypoints may be created. These waypoints may be defined as a user-defined air- port, VOR, NDB, or intersection. If the waypoint doesn’t fit into one of these categories, it may be defined as a supplemental (SUP) waypoint.

• Page 119
  8. If instead, you wish to create a waypoint at a position | FARM that you specify, position the cursor over USER POS? and press E. A page with the identifier at the top and dashes at the bottom will now be dis- played (figure 5-56).

• Page 120: Creating A Vor User Waypoint

  5.4.2 Creating A VOR User Waypoint A user-defined VOR waypoint must contain an identifier, magnetic variation, latitude, and longitude. The mag- netic variation may be manually entered or, if one is not entered, one will automatically be calculated and stored. In addition, a VOR frequency may be stored.

• Page 121
  2. Use the right C and the right inner and outer INT15 | INT15 knobs in the manner previously described in section |REF: !!!!! 5.4.1, “Creating An Airport User Waypoint”, to select |CREATE NEW |RAD: !!!.!^ the waypoint identifier (figure 5-68). |WPT AT: |DIS:!!!.!nm |USER POS?

• Page 122: Deleting User-Defined Waypoints

  5.4.5 Deleting User-Defined Waypoints USER WPTS | A listing of all user-defined waypoints is contained on FARM the Other 3 page (OTH 3). See figure 5-77. The user- defined waypoints are listed by category; airports (A) are first, VORs (V) are second, NDBs (N) are third, inter- sections (I) are fourth, and Supplemental waypoints (S) INT15 I are last.

• Page 123: Reference Waypoints

  5.5 REFERENCE WAYPOINTS Creating a Reference Waypoint is a method of adding a waypoint to any flight plan. The Reference Waypoint KLIT lies on the great circle route between two other way- points in the flight plan. The point where the Reference TXKA Waypoint lies on the great circle route is the point where 330°…

• Page 124
  5. Press E to display the waypoint page for the way- USE? INVRT?| TXKA point just entered. 1:KDAL |REF: 2:BUJ |RAD: 330.3^ 6. Press E again to display the waypoint page for the 3:TXKA |DIS: 32.8nm newly created Reference Waypoint (figure 5-85). 4:KLIT |N 34^01.08′ The waypoint that was used to create the Reference…
• Page 125
  THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Rev 1 5-23…

• Page 126: Center Waypoints

  CENTER WAYPOINTS (Not For Actual Navigation) OMAHA McCOOK KANSAS CITY GOODLAND DENVER GCK00 29.7nm WICHITA Garden City TULSA BGD00 29.7nm Borger AMARILLO PVW00 28.7nm Plainview DALLAS-FT WORTH LUBBOCK ABILENE Figure 5-87 5-24…

• Page 127: Creating Center Waypoints And Inserting Them In Flight Plans

  5.6 CENTER WAYPOINTS Like Reference Waypoints, creating Center Waypoints USE? INVRT?| DIS is a method of adding waypoints to a flight plan. The 1:KLBB word “Center” refers to air route traffic control center 2:KMCK | 396 (ARTCC) or area control center (ACC). In some parts of the world these are referred to as “FIRs”.

• Page 128: Viewing The Center Waypoints After Insertion Into A Flight Plan

  (PVW) is the nearest VOR to the first Center Waypoint location, the 00 is appended to PVW to create PVW00. If PVW were later used in the creation of another Center Waypoint, the second waypoint’s identifier would be PVW01. The second line of the CTR 2 page shows the “from” Center followed by the “to”…

• Page 129: Creating Center Waypoints After Modifying A Flight Plan

  5.6.3 Creating Center Waypoints After Modifying A 1:KLBB | 1 NEW WPT Flight Plan 2:PVW00 Once Center Waypoints have been inserted into a flight 3:BGD00 |PRESS ENT plan, they are treated like any other waypoints in the 4:GCK00 |TO INSERT flight plan.

• Page 130: Programming The Turn-On Page

  Turn-On page. Up to four lines, each ORS 20 containing 23 characters, may be entered. The charac- c1994 ALLIEDSIGNAL INC ters A through Z, the numbers 0 through 9, and spaces FRANKLIN SMITH may be used. Once programmed, this information will…

• Page 131: The Status

  5.8 THE STATUS PAGES There are four Status pages. The Status 1 and Status 2 pages display information pertaining specifically to the GPS receiver while the Status 3 and Status 4 pages display supplementary information pertaining to the KLN 90B. 5.8.1 Determining The Status Of The GPS Signals The Status 1 (STA 1) and Status 2 (STA 2) pages may be viewed at any time to determine the status of the…

• Page 132
  initialization process the receiver begins the acquisition process. During this time, the visible satellites are being acquired and data from them is obtained. The transition state indicates an adequate number of satellites for navigation has been acquired and is being tracked but no position data can yet be produced.

• Page 133: Determining Kln 90B Software Status And Operational Time

  5.8.2 Determining KLN 90B Software Status And Operational Time The Status 3 page (figure 5-103) displays the software TOTAL TIME | HOST SW revision status of the KLN 90B host computer and of the 1364 HR| RCVR SW GPS receiver. A field called OBS CAL is also included PWR CYCLES | OBS CAL on this page.

• Page 134: Modes Of Operation

  5.9 MODES OF OPERATION The KLN 90B allows you to choose how the course to the active waypoint is defined. This is done by selecting between the two course modes, LEG and OBS. The LEG mode means that the course to the active waypoint is selected by the KLN 90B, and is the default mode when the KLN 90B starts up.

• Page 135: The Leg Mode

  2. Rotate the left inner knob to select the MOD page for PRESS ENT the desired mode: MOD 1 to select Leg or MOD 2 to TO ACTIVATE| select OBS (figure 5-108). OBS:—^ 3. Press E (figure 5-109). The mode change is com- plete and you may return to any desired page.

• Page 136
  due Westerly, and finally Southwesterly by the time you reach Manila. Of course, your trips with the KLN 90B will be substantially shorter and the desired track will probably change only a few degrees. 3. Automatic waypoint sequencing is provided during flight plan operation.
• Page 137
  must be the displayed navigation source on the external indicator. When the KLN 90B is not the displayed navigation source on the external indicator or if the KLN 90B is interfaced with an EFIS system, it is possible to change the selected course from several pages on the KLN 90B.

• Page 138: The Obs Mode

  5.9.4 Switching From The Leg Mode To The OBS Mode The following mode transition occurs if the KLN 90B is in the Leg mode and the mode is changed to the OBS mode: 1. The waypoint that was active in Leg mode prior to the mode change remains the active waypoint in OBS mode.

• Page 139: Going Direct-To A Waypoint While In The Obs Mode

  5.9.6 Going Direct-To A Waypoint While in the OBS Mode The direct-to function will select the OBS value that will take the aircraft from the present position direct to the active waypoint when the KLN 90B is interfaced to EFIS, a compatible mechanical HSI interfaced through a KA 90, or when the KLN 90B is not the displayed navi- gation source on the external indicator.

• Page 140
  If it is desired to change the CDI scale factor to another value, use the following procedure: 1. Select either the MOD 1 or MOD 2 page. 2. Press the left C. If necessary, use the left outer ACTIVE MODE| knob to move the cursor over the value of the CDI scale (figure 5-120).

• Page 141: The Fuel Management

  5.10 THE FUEL MANAGEMENT PAGES Certain models of fuel management computers manu- factured by Shadin Company, ARNAV System, Inc, and Sheltech Ltd. may be interfaced with the KLN 90B. The primary benefit of having the KLN 90B interfaced with a “real time”…

• Page 142
  • The fuel presently on board (FOB). In most installa- tions this is defined by using the fuel flow computer’s control unit. However, if the KLN 90B is interfaced with a compatible Shadin fuel flow computer, it is possible to define the fuel on board by using the KLN 90B.

• Page 143: The Other 6 Page (Oth 6)

  5.10.2 The Other 6 Page (OTH 6) The OTH 6 page displays the following information (figure 5-125): • The endurance (ENDUR) in hours and minutes. The FUEL DATA | FUEL FLOW | endurance is calculated based on the amount of fuel remaining after subtracting out the reserve (RES) ENDUR 3:19| GAL/HR|…

• Page 144: The Air Data

  5.11 THE AIR DATA PAGES The Bendix/King KAD 280 and KAD 480 air data systems as well as specific models of Shadin Company air data systems may be interfaced to the KLN 90B. When inter- faced with one of these systems, the KLN 90B will display real time air data parameters such as true airspeed (TAS), static air temperature (SAT), total air temperature (TAT), Mach number, density altitude, and pressure altitude.

• Page 145: The Other 9 Page (Oth 9)

  5.11.1 The Other 9 Page (OTH 9) Without a fuel management system this becomes the AIR DATA OTH 5 page. The following information is displayed 229kt| (figure 5-130): MACH .34| True airspeed (the true speed of an aircraft through the surrounding air mass) OTH 9 MACH Mach number (the ratio of the true airspeed to the speed of sound at a particular flight…

• Page 146: Operation Outside The Primary Coverage Area

  5.12 OPERATION OUTSIDE THE PRIMARY COVERAGE AREA The KLN 90B’s primary coverage area is from N 74° to S 60° latitude as was shown in figure 3-1. All navigation data presented outside this area is automatically refer- enced to true North unless a manual input of magnetic variation is made on the SET 2 page.

• Page 147
  The active flight plan is the only flight plan available when there is no database cartridge. There is no way to gain access to flight plans one through 25. Functions not requiring the published database are operative. Some functions, such as nearest airport, nearest VOR, nearest NDB, Reference Waypoint, and trip planning, are operational but only to the extent that user-defined waypoints are utilized.

• Page 148: Using The Take-Home Mode

  5.14 USING THE TAKE-HOME MODE It is very likely that the KLN 90B will become your “best friend” in the cockpit. As with any good friend, you may need some time to get well-acquainted. This will allow you to utilize it to the maximum extent. A great way to get to know the KLN 90B is to use it outside the airplane, using what we call the “take-home mode”.

• Page 149: Chapter 6 — Level 4 Operation

  CHAPTER 6 — LEVEL 4 OPERATION This is the last chapter on the operation of the KLN 90B. fortable with the operation of the unit as presented up to In this chapter you will learn how to use the KLN 90B for this point.

• Page 150
  Load approach into flight plan CDI Scale Factor 5.0 nm Approach automatically arms when within 30 nm of the airport and an approach is loaded into the active flight plan CDI Scale Factor changing from 1.0 nm to 0.3 nm Approach Arm CDI Scale Factor CDI Scale Factor…
• Page 151
  General Procedure for Non-Precision Approaches If any of these conditions are not met, the KLN 90B will not transition to the approach active mode and a missed Non-precision approaches will all have the general flow of approach will be required if the conditions do not change events as follows.

• Page 152: Selecting An Approach

  6.1.1 Selecting An Approach The first item in the list from the previous section is to select and load the approach into the active flight plan. Approaches are selected from the APT 8 (or ACT page of the airport for which you desire to shoot the approach. If you are operating from a flight plan, the easiest way to get to the approach information is by turning to the ACT page for your destination as described in section 4.2.3.

• Page 153: Interpreting What You See

  8. The KLN 90B will then bring up the FPL 0 page and put the sequence of approach waypoints in front of the airport reference point (figure 6-8). V25R-KLAX | KLAX IAP 10 ELMOOì | 1 NDB NOTE: At any time during the process of selecting an 11 LAX18 | 2 VOR approach you can easily return to the previous step by…

• Page 154
  Fxyyy • F stands for Final Approach Fix Ixyyy • I stands for Intermediate Fix Cxyyy • C stands for Course Fix Mxyyy • M stands for Missed Approach Point RWzzz • RW stands for Runway Fix. This is usually the MAP for the approach •…

• Page 155: Changing Or Deleting An Approach Once Loaded Into The Flight Plan

  m — The Missed Approach Point (MAP) of the approach h — The missed approach holding point for the approach Every approach will have a FAF and a MAP. Almost all 13 FREBYî | will have an IAF and missed approach holding point. 14 MA25Bñ…

• Page 156: Example Approach: No Procedure Turn

  6.1.4 Example Approach: No Procedure Turn Now that you know the basics of inserting an approach into the flight plan, we can now show the approach opera- tion of the unit by several examples. This first example will use the approach that was loaded into the flight plan section 6.1.1.

• Page 157
  90B will provide a message telling you to set the external that are past the MAP. To perform the published missed indicator (CDI or HSI) to a new value. If desired track approach procedure, press D to bring up the direct-to (DTK) is shown on the screen, this value will flash when page.

• Page 158: Example Approach: Off-Airport Navaid

  6.1.5 Example Approach: Off-Airport Navaid An approach that is quite common is an approach that is based off of an off-airport navaid. An example of this is the VOR RWY 22 approach to Clovis New Mexico Municipal airport, KCVN. To fly this procedure as pub- lished use the following steps and refer to figure 6-17 for the procedure.

• Page 159
  4. If a course reversal is required, then upon reaching If a missed approach is required for this approach, then TXO perform the appropriate holding pattern entry and the following steps would be required. set the inbound course on the external CDI or HSI. In this example the inbound course is 241°.

• Page 160: Example Approach: Radar Vectors

  6.1.6 Example Approach: Radar Vectors For this example we will use the same approach that was used in the previous section except this approach will be conducted with the help of radar vectors from approach control. The aircraft will be assumed to be arriving from the West, although this does not change the way the approach will be flown using the KLN 90B.

• Page 161
  THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Rev 1 6-13…

• Page 162: Example Approach: On-Airport Navaid

  6.1.7 Example Approach: On-Airport Navaid Another common type of approach is an approach that is based on an on-airport navaid. These could be either VOR or NDB approaches. An example of this type of approach is the VOR RWY 24 approach to Bowman airport in Louisville, Kentucky (Figure 6-21).

• Page 163
  6. When the aircraft is 2 NM from the FAF, the KLN 90B will verify that the proper GPS integrity is available. If integrity monitoring is available for the approach, then the KLN 90B will change to the Approach Active mode. This will be annunciated on the external approach status annunciator as well as on the KLN 90B.

• Page 164: Example Approach: Dme Arc

  6.1.8 Example Approach: DME Arc DME arc procedures with the KLN 90B are completely different from using traditional VOR and DME equipment. Don’t worry though because DME arc procedures using the KLN 90B are also easier than using traditional equip- ment.

• Page 165
  solely on the present radial and the defined arc dis- tance from the reference VOR. For this reason it is better to delay selecting approaches that contain DME arcs until the aircraft is closer to the destination. 4. With the cursor over LOAD IN FPL, press E. The approach will be loaded into the active flight plan just like any other approach would be.
• Page 166
  NOTE: If the present track does not intercept the arc, then the KLN 90B will display NO INTRCPT in the scratch pad area of the screen. 8. When the aircraft approaches the arc the KLN 90B will provide waypoint alerting and turn anticipation to join the arc.

• Page 167: Approach Problems

  14. The visual descent point is identified by the along track distance to the MAP to be 1.5 NM. When the air- craft reaches this point (figure 6-28), and the runway envi- ronment is in sight, it is possible to descend for a landing. 1.5 oq RW12ñ…

• Page 168
  The destination waypoint will, by default, be the missed An example is shown in figure 6-31. Notice in the figure approach point of an approach loaded in the flight plan. If that the first four bars are below the line and the other there is no approach in the flight plan, then the default three are above the line.

• Page 169: Sid/Star Procedures

  6.2 SID/STAR PROCEDURES The database in the KLN 90B also contains the pilot NAV SIDs (Standard Instrument Departures) and STARs (Standard Terminal Arrival Routes) for the primary database coverage area (see Chapter 2 for database coverage areas). SID/STAR procedures stored in the database can only be considered accurate as long as the database is current.

• Page 170: Selecting A Star

  1. Select KSFO on one of the airport pages (figure 6-32). If you are operating from an active flight plan you can use the ACT 7 page for KSFO by scanning through the active flight plan (see section 4.2.3). | KSFO | KSFO 2.

• Page 171: Editing A Sid Or Star

  3. Turn the right cursor on by pressing the right C, and, if necessary, rotate the right outer knob until the flashing cursor is over the desired STAR. With the cursor over AQN4 (figure 6-40), press E. | KDFW |AQN4-ãåç 4.

• Page 172
  3. Use the left inner and outer knobs in the normal manner to define the desired waypoint. 4. Press E to display the waypoint page for this identifier. If the waypoint is correct, then press E a sec- ond time to confirm the waypoint page. The new waypoint is added to the waypoints that make up the SID or STAR procedure.

• Page 173: Example Of A Sid Procedure

  6.2.4 Example of a SID Procedure 9. There is an altitude restriction marked with an “x” on To illustrate the use of the KLN 90B with a SID, the Porte the chart. The name of this point is 26FLW. 26FLW Nine departure loaded into the flight plan in section 6.2.1 means that the waypoint is 126 NM from the FLW…

• Page 174: Example Of A Star Procedure

  6.2.5 Example of a STAR Procedure To illustrate the use of the KLN 90B with STAR NOTE: It is extremely rare to have a different path over procedures the steps required to fly Acton Four arrival to the ground for turbojets and non-turbojets, but be sure to cross check with your paper charts.

• Page 175: Appendix A — Navigational Terms

  APPENDIX A — NAVIGATIONAL TERMS WPT 2 NORTH Bearing to waypoint (degrees) Drift Angle (degrees) — not displayed on KLN 90B Distance to waypoint (nm) Desired Track (degrees) Selected Course Groundspeed (nm/hr) Heading (degrees) Present position Actual Track (degrees) WPT 1 Waypoint OFF TRACK Leg Mode…

• Page 176
  THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Rev 1…

• Page 177: Appendix B — Message Page Messages

  APPENDIX B — MESSAGE PAGE MESSAGES The following is a list of the messages that can appear on the Message page. When the message prompt appears, press MSG to view the message page. See section 3.5 for an explanation of the Message page. APT ELEVATION UNKNOWN — (Airport Elevation ACTV ANNUNCIATOR FAIL — This message appears Unknown) This message appears if the elevation of the…

• Page 178
  BATTERY LOW: SERVICE DATA BASE OUT OF DATE REQUIRED TO PREVENT ALL DATA MUST BE LOSS OF USER DATA — This message appears when CONFIRMED BEFORE USE — This message appears the KLN 90B’s internal battery is low and needs replac- when the data base is out of date as a result of a date ing at an authorized Bendix/King service center.
• Page 179
  NO RCVR DATA — (No Receiver Data) This message RAIM NOT AVAILABLE appears when the KLN 90B fails a specific internal test APR MODE INHIBITED for the GPS receiver. This failure will prevent the unit PREDICT RAIM ON STA 5 — This message appears from providing any navigation capability.
• Page 180
  RS-232 OUTPUT ERROR — This message appears when the RS 232 output fails an internal test. Anything connected to the RS 232 output bus, such as some moving map displays and ELTs (for position reporting), will not be fully functional. Do not use moving map dis- plays that depend on the KLN 90B’s RS 232 output if this message is displayed.

• Page 181: Appendix C — Status Line Messages

  APPENDIX C — STATUS LINE MESSAGES Status line messages are short operational messages that are displayed in the lower center segment of the screen. (See section 3.3 and figure 3-37). The follow- ing are the status line messages that may appear. ACTIVE WPT — (Active Waypoint) Appears when you INVALID ENT — (Invalid Enter) Appears when you have try to delete a user-defined waypoint on the OTH 3 page…

• Page 182
  NO INTRCEPT — (No Intercept) Appears when an attempt is made to recalculate the intercept point on a DME arc and the actual track does not intercept with the arc. Change the track (heading) of the aircraft so that the actual track does intercept the DME arc and try again.

• Page 183: Appendix D — Abbreviations

  APPENDIX D — ABBREVIATIONS STATE ABBREVIATIONS CANADIAN PROVINCE ABBREVIATIONS ABBREVIATION STATE ABBREVIATION PROVINCE Alberta Alaska British Columbia Alabama Manitoba Arkansas New Brunswick Arizona Newfoundland California Nova Scotia Colorado Northwest Territory Connecticut Ontario District of Columbia Prince Edward Island Delaware Quebec Florida Saskatchewan Georgia…

• Page 184
  Country Abbreviations — Continued Cameroon Kenya Canary Islands Cambodia/Kampuchea Congo Kiribati/Tuvalu/Phoenix I./Line I. Cook Islands St. Kitts/Nevis Colombia/San Andres Korea Costa Rica Kuwait Croatia Laos Czechoslovakia Latvia Cuba Lebanon Cayman Islands Liberia Cypress Liby/SPA Jamahiriya Germany St. Lucia Djibouti Sri Lanka Dominica Lesotho Denmark…
• Page 185
  Country Abbreviations — Continued French Polynesia/ AIR ROUTE TRAFFIC CONTROL CENTER Society I./Tuamotu (ARTCC/FIR) ABBREVIATIONS Qatar (Used on CTR 2 Page) Romania Rwanda ABBREVIATION ARTCC Saudi Arabia Sudan Albuquerque Senegal Accra Singapore Addis Ababa Ascension Island/St. Helena Adelaide Solomon Islands Aden Sierra Leone Akmola…
• Page 186
  Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC/FIR) Abbreviations — Continued Berlin Guangzhou Barnaul Guayaquil Barranquilla Hanoi Brasilia Harare Beirut Havana Brussels Hong Kong Bratislava Honiara Beryozovo Hochiminh Brazzaville Honolulu Bratsk Houston Brest Houston Oceanic Bucharest Indianapolis Budapest Irkutsk Bujumbura Isla de Pascua Cairo Istanbul Calcutta…
• Page 187
  Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC/FIR) Abbreviations — Continued Lusaka Okhotsk Lvov Oslo Madrid Punta Arenas Magadan Panama Maiquetia Port Au Prince Male Paris Manila Port Elizabeth Marseille Pechora Mauritius Perm Mazatlan Penza Mazatlan Oceanic Perth Madras Petersburg Melbourne Pevek Memphis Phnom Penh Mendoza…
• Page 188
  Air Route Traffic Control Center (ARTCC/FIR) Abbreviations — Continued Surgut OTHER ABBREVIATIONS USED ON KLN 90B Switzerland PAGES Sydney Syktyvkar 80 octane fuel Seymchan 100 octane fuel Taegu 100LL 100 octane low lead fuel Tahiti Oceanic Airport waypoint Taipei Aeronautical advisory service Tallinn Above Tampere…
• Page 189
  Other Abbreviations Used on KLN 90B Pages — Continued DEST Destination INIT Initialization Deviation (on external course Intersection devation indicator) INVRT Invert Director (freq) Kilogram Distance Knots DNGR Danger area Left Desired track Liters Duplicate Low altitude VOR East Low pressure oxygen Eastern Daylight Time Runway lighting sunset to sun Elevation…
• Page 190
  Other Abbreviations Used on KLN 90B Pages — Continued RNAV overlay approach VNAV status (on Super NAV 5) procedure VOR approach overlay Radar environment to approach procedure & departure VOR waypoint Radial VERT Vertical RAIM Receiver Autonomous Integrity Vertical navigation (VNAV) Monitoring Weak RAMP…

• Page 191: Appendix E — Seconds To Decimal Minutes

  APPENDIX E — SECONDS TO DECIMAL MINUTES The KLN 90B utilizes latitude and longitude expressed in degrees, minutes, and hundredths of a minute. You may occasionally see a document expressing latitude and longitude in degrees, minutes, and seconds. You may use this table to convert seconds to hundredths of a minute.

• Page 192
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• Page 193
  INDEX APT 2 page (Airport 2) 3-43 APT 3 page (Airport 3) 3-43 Abbreviations APT 4 page (Airport 4) 3-45 Airport names 3-26, 3-42 APT 5 page (Airport 5) 3-47 ARTCC/FIR D-3 APT 6 page (Airport 6) 3-48 Canadian province D-1 APT 7 page (Airport 7) 3-49, 6-21 Country D-1 APT 8 page (Airport 3-49, 6-4, 6-16…
• Page 194
  Database 2-1 Navigation 3-1 Editing Cross track error 3-32, A-1 SID 6-23 CTA 3-39, 3-42 STAR 6-23 CTR 1 page (Center 1) 5-25 EFIS 3-4, 5-34, 6-9 CTR 2 page (Center 2) 5-25 Enter prompt 3-10 Cursor 3-11 EPE (estimated position error) 5-30 Customs 3-48 Erase, see Delete ESA, see minimum enroute safe altitude…
• Page 195
  -i (initial approach fix identifier suffix) 6-7 NAV 1 page (Navigation 1) 3-31 IAF (initial approach fix) 6-2 NAV 2 page (Navigation 2) 3-32 Selecting 6-4, 6-16 NAV 3 page (Navigation 3) 3-32 ICAO identifiers 2-3 NAV 4 page (Navigation 4) 3-34, 5-7 Initialization 3-17 NAV 5 page (Navigation 5) 3-34 INT page (Intersection page) 3-50…
• Page 196
  Deleting 6-24 Editing 6-23 RAIM (receiver autonomous integrity monitoring) 6-3, 6- Example 6-26 14, 6-15, 6-18 Loading 6-23 Prediction 6-19, 6-20 Selecting 6-23 Radar vectors 6-12, 6-17 State abbreviations D-1 Receiver status 5-29 Status line messages 3-10, Appendix C REF page (Reference waypoint) 5-21 Step-down fix 6-9, 6-18 Reference waypoints 5-21 Sunrise/Sunset 5-15…
• Page 197
  VNAV (vertical navigation) 3-36, 5-7 Vectors 6-12, 6-17 VOR(s) page 3-49 user waypoint 5-18 nearest 3-22, 3-37 on map display 3-37 Waypoint alerting 3-29, 4-8 Waypoint scanning window 3-37, 6-17 Waypoints Active 3-31 “Center” 5-25 Duplicate 3-15 Identifiers 2-3 Nearest 3-22 Reference 5-21 Selecting by identifier 3-20 Selecting by name or city 3-24…
• Page 198
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