Национальное руководство по инфаркту миокарда

1. Федеральный закон от 21.11.2011 № 323-ФЗ (ред. от 03.04.2017) “Об основах охраны здоровья граждан в Российской Федерации”. https://minzdrav.gov.ru/documents/7025

2. Федеральное агентство по техническому регулированию и метрологии. Национальный стандарт Российской Федерации. ГОСТ Р 52379-2005. Надлежащая клиническая практика. Москва, 2005. https://roszdravnadzor.gov.ru/i/upload/images/2014/10/20/1413792833.82951-1-20391.rtf

3. Федеральный закон от 12.04.2010 № 61-ФЗ (ред. от 03.07.2016) “Об обращении лекарственных средств”.

4. Андреева Н. С., Реброва О. Ю., Зорин Н. А. и др. Системы оценки достоверности научных доказательств и убедительности рекомендаций: сравнительная характеристика и перспективы унификации. Медицинские технологии. Оценка и выбор. 2012;4:10-24.

5. Thygesen K, Alpert JS, Jaffe AS, et al.; ESC Scientific Document Group. Fourth universal definition of myocardial infarction (2018). Eur Heart J. 2019;40:237-69. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehy462.

6. Данные Росстата на 22.06.2019. URL: https://www.gsk.ru

7. Леонов С.А., Голубев Н.А., Зайченко Н.М. Сборник статистических материалов по болезням системы кровообращения. ФГБУ “Центральный Научно-исследовательский институт организации и информатизации здравоохранения Министерства здравоохранения РФ”. М., 2017. С. 295. http://mednet.ru/images/stories/files/CMT/kardioilogiya_2017.pdf 17.07.2019.

8. McManus DD, Gore J, Yarzebski J, et al. Recent trends in the incidence, treatment, and outcomes of patients with STEMI and NSTEMI. Am J Med. 2011;124(1):40-7. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2010.07.023.

9. Эрлих А.Д., Мацкеплишвили С.Т., Грацианский Н.А., и др. Первый московский регистр острого коронарного синдрома: характеристика пациентов, лечение и исходы за время пребывания в стационаре. Кардиология. 2013;12:4-14.

10. Pasupathy S, Air T, Dreyer RP, et al. Systematic review of patients presenting with suspected myocardial infarction and nonobstructive coronary arteries. Circulation. 2015;131:861-70. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.011201.

11. Niccoli G, Scalone G, Crea F. Acute myocardial infarction with no obstructive coronary atherosclerosis: mechanisms and management. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:475-81. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehu469.

12. Neumann JT, Twerenbold R, Ojeda F, et al. Application of High-Sensitivity Troponin in Suspected Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med. 2019;380:2529-40. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1803377.

13. Pickering JW, Than MP, Cullen L, et al. Rapid Rule-out of Acute Myocardial Infarction With a Single High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T Measurement Below the Limit of Detection: A Collaborative Meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 2017;166:715-24. doi:10.7326/M16-2562.

14. D’Ascenzo F, Biondi-Zoccai G, Moretti C, et al. TIMI, GRACE and alternative risk scores in acute coronary syndromes: a meta-analysis of 40 derivation studies on 216,552 patients and of 42 validation studies on 31,625 patients. Contemporary clinical trials. 2012;33:507-14. doi:10.1016/j.cct.2012.01.001.

15. Giraldez RR, Clare RM, Lopes RD, et al. Prevalence and clinical outcomes of undiagnosed diabetes mellitus and prediabetes among patients with high-risk non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndrome. Am Heart J. 2013; 165(6):918-925.e2. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2013.01.005.

16. Bartnik M, Malmberg K, Norhammar A, et al. Newly detected abnormal glucose tolerance: an important predictor of long-term outcome after myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2004;25:1990-7. doi:10.1016/j.ehj.2004.09.021.

17. Boden WE, Kleiger RE, Gibson RS, et al. Electrocardiographic evolution of posterior acute myocardial infarction: importance of early precordial ST-segment depression. Am J Cardiol. 1987;59:782-7. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(87)91091-5.

18. Rouan GW, Lee TH, Cook EF, et al. Clinical characteristics and outcome of acute myocardial infarction in patients with initially normal or nonspecific electrocardiograms (a report from the Multicenter Chest Pain Study). Am J Cardiol. 1989;64:1087-92. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(89)90857-6.

19. McCarthy BD, Wong JB, Selker HP. Detecting acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department: a review of the literature. J Gen Intern Med. 1990;5:365-73. doi:10.1007/BF02600409.

20. Zalenski RJ, Rydman RJ, Sloan EP, et al. Value of posterior and right ventricular leads in comparison to the standard 12-lead electrocardiogram in evaluation of ST-segment elevation in suspected acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1997;79:1579-85. doi:10.1016/s0002-9149(97)00202-6.

21. Fesmire FM, Percy RF, Bardoner JB, et al. Usefulness of automated serial 12-lead ECG monitoring during the initial emergency department evaluation of patients with chest pain. Ann Emerg Med. 1998;31:3-11. doi:10.1016/s0196-0644(98)70274-4.

22. Savonitto S, Ardissino D, Granger CB, et al. Prognostic value of the admission electrocardiogram in acute coronary syndromes. JAMA. 1999;281:707-13. doi:10.1001/jama.281.8.707.

23. Matetzky S, Freimark D, Feinberg MS, et al. Acute myocardial infarction with isolated ST-segment elevation in posterior chest leads V7-9: “hidden” ST-segment elevations revealing acute posterior infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;34:748-53. doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(99)00249-1.

24. Kim HW, Faraneh-Far A, Kim RJ. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance in patients with myocardial infarction: current and emerging applications. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;55:1-16. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.06.059.

25. Beek AM, van Rossum AC. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Heart. 2010;96:237-43. doi:10.1136/hrt.2009.172296.

26. Kontos MC, Jesse RL, Schmidt KL, et al. Value of acute rest sestamibi perfusion imaging for evaluation of patients admitted to the emergency department with chest pain. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:976-82. doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(97)00264-7.

27. Udelson JE, Beshansky JR, Ballin DS, et al. Myocardial perfusion imaging for evaluation and triage of patients with suspected acute cardiac ischemia: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2002;288:2693-700. doi: 10.1001/jama.288.21.2693.

28. Goldstein JA, Chinnaiyan KM, Abidov A, et al. The CT-STAT (Coronary Computed Tomographic Angiography for Systematic Triage of Acute Chest Pain Patients to Treatment) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58:1414-22. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2011.03.068.

29. Hoffmann U, Truong QA, Schoenfeld DA, et al. Coronary CT angiography versus standard evaluation in acute chest pain. N Engl J Med. 2012;367:299-308. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1201161.

30. De Luca G, Suryapranata H, van’t Hof AWJ, et al. Prognostic assessment of patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary angioplasty: implications for early discharge. Circulation. 2004;109:2737-43. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000131765.73959.87.

31. Fibrinolytic Therapy Trialists’ (CTT) Collaborative Group. Indications for fibrinolytic therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: collaborative overview of early mortality and major morbidity results from all randomised trials of more than 1000 patients. Lancet. 1994;343:311-22. Erratum in: Lancet. 1994;343:742-82.

32. Keeley EC, Boura JA, Grines CL. Primary angioplasty versus intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: a quantitative review of 23 randomised trials. Lancet. 2003;361:13-20. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(03)12113-7.

33. Hochman JS, Lamas GA, Buller CE, et al, Occluded Artery Trial Investigators. Coronary intervention for persistent occlusion after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(23):2395-407. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa066139.

34. Ioannidis JP, Katritsis DG. Percutaneous coronary intervention for late reperfusion after myocardial infarction in stable patients. Am Heart J. 2007;154(6):1065-71. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2007.07.049.

35. Menon V, Pearte CA, Buller CE, et al. Lack of benefit from percutaneous intervention of persistently occluded infarct arteries after the acute phase of myocardial infarction is time independent: insights from Occluded Artery Trial. Eur Heart J. 2009;30(2):183-91.

36. Ibanez B, James S, Agewall S, et al. 2017 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation: the task force for the management of acute myocardial infarction in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur Heart J. 2018;39:119-77. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx393.

37. Schomig A, Mehilli J, Antoniucci D, et al. Beyond 12 hours reperfusion alternative evaluation trial investigators. Mechanical reperfusion in patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting more than 12 hours from symptom onset: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA. 2005;293(23):2865-72. doi: 10.1001/jama.293.23.2865.

38. Nadrepepa G, Kastrati A, Mehilli J, et al. Mechanical reperfusion and long-term mortality in patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting 12 to 48 hours from onset of symptoms. JAMA. 2009;301(5):487-8.

39. Hochman JS, Sleeper LA, Webb JG, et al. Early revascularization in acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock. SHOCK Investigators. Should We Emergently Revascularize Occluded Coronaries for Cardiogenic Shock. N Engl J Med. 1999;341:625-34. doi:10.1056/NEJM199908263410901.

40. Wu AH, Parsons L, Every NR, et al. Hospital outcomes in patients presenting with congestive heart failure complicating acute myocardial infarction: a report from the Second National Registry of Myocardial Infarction (NRMI-2). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;40:1389-94.

41. Zahn R, Schuster S, Schiele R, et al; Maximal Individual Therapy in Acute Myocardial Infarction (MITRA) Study Group. Comparison of primary angioplasty with conservative therapy in patients with acute myocardial infarction and contraindications for thrombolytic therapy. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 1999;46:127-33.

42. Grzybowski M, Clements EA, Parsons L, et al. Mortality benefit of immediate revascularization of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in patients with contraindications to thrombolytic therapy: a propensity analysis. JAMA. 2003;290:1891-8.

43. Cucherat M, Bonnefoy E, Tremeau G. Primary angioplasty versus intravenous thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2003;3:CD001560. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001560.

44. Bangalore S, Toklu B, Wetterslev J. Complete versus culprit-only revascularization for ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction and multivessel disease: a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized trials. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;8(4):e002142.

45. Elgendy IY, Mahmoud AN, Kumbhani DJ, et al. Complete or culprit-only revascularization for patients with multivessel coronary artery disease undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a pairwise and network meta-analysis of randomized trials. JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2017;10(4):315-24.

46. Mehta SR, Wood DA, Storey RF, et al; Complete Trial Steering Committee and Investigators. Complete revascularization with multivessel PCI for myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2019;381(15):1411-21. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1907775.

47. Thiele H, Akin I, Sandri M, Fuernau G, et al., on behalf of the CULPRIT-SHOCK Investigators. PCI strategies in patients with acute myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:2419-32. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1710261.

48. Thiele H, Akin I, Sandri M, et al., on behalf of the CULPRIT-SHOCK Investigators. One-year outcomes after PCI strategies in cardiogenic shock. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:1699-710. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1808788.

49. Zhu MM, Feit A, Chadow H, et al. Primary stent implantation compared with primary balloon angioplasty for acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Am J Cardiol. 2001;88:297-301.

50. Nordmann AJ, Hengstler P, Harr T, et al. Clinical outcomes of primary stenting versus balloon angioplasty in patients with myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Med. 2004;116(4):253-62.

51. Kastrati A, Dibra A, Spaulding C, et al. Meta-analysis of randomized trials on drug-eluting stents vs. bare-metal stents in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 2007;28(22):2706-13. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm402.

52. Sabate M, Reaber L, Heg D, et al. Comparison of newer-generation drug-eluting with bare-metal stents in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a pooled analysis of the EXAMINATION (clinical Evaluation of the Xience-V stent in Acute Myocardial INfArcTION) and COMFORTABLE-AMI (Comparison of biolimus eluted from an erodible stent coating with bare metal stents in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction) trials. JACC Cardiovasc Interv 2014;7:55-63. doi:10.1016/j.jcin.2013.07.012.

53. Philip F, Stewart S, Southard J. Very late stent thrombosis with second generation drug eluting stents compared to bare metal stents: Network meta-analysis of randomized primary percutaneous coronary intervention trials. Cathet Cardiovasc Interv. 2016;88:38-48.

54. Jolly SS, James S, Dzavik V, et al. Thrombus aspiration in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction: an individual patient meta-analysis: Thrombectomy trialists collaboration. Circulation. 2017;135:143-52.

55. Jang JS, Jin HY, Seo JS, et al. The transradial versus the transfemoral approach for primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. EuroIntervention. 2012;8(4):501-10.

56. Joyal D, Bertrand OF, Rinfret S, et al. Meta-analysis of ten trials on the effectiveness of the radial versus the femoral approach in primary percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol. 2012;109(6):813-8.

57. Bertrand OF, Belisle P, Joyal D, et al. Comparison of transradial and femoral approaches for percutaneous coronary interventions: a systematic review and hierarchical Bayesian meta-analysis. Am J Cardiol. 2012;163(4):632-48. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2012.01.015.

58. Valgimigli M, Gagnor A, Calabro P, et al. Radial versus femoral access in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing invasive management: a randomised multicentre trial. Lancet. 2015;385(9986):2465-76. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)60292-6.

59. Boersma E. Primary Coronary Angioplasty vs Thrombolysis Group. Does time matter? A pooled analysis of randomized clinical trials comparing primary percutaneous coronary intervention and in-hospital fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarction patients. Eur Heart J. 2006;27(7):779-88.

60. Armstrong PW, Gershlick AH, Goldstein P, et al, STREAM Investigative Team. Fibrinolysis or primary PCI in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2013;368(15):1379-87.

61. Morrison LJ, Verbeek PR, McDonald AC, et al. Mortality and prehospital thrombolysis for acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. J Am Med Assoc. 2000;283:2686-92. doi:10.1001/jama.283.20.2686.

62. McCaul M, Lourens A, Kredo T. Pre-hospital versus in-hospital thrombolysis for ST-elevation myocardial infarction Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014;9:CD010191. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010191.pub2.

63. Bonnefoy E, Steg PG, Boutitie F, et al. Comparison of primary angioplasty and pre-hospital fibrinolysis in acute myocardial infarction (CAPTIM) trial: a 5-year follow-up. Eur Heart J. 2009;30(13):1598-606.

64. O’Gara PT, Kushner FG, Ascheim DD, et al. 2013 ACCF/aha guideline for the management of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. A report of the American College of Cardiology Foundation/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines. JACC 2013; 61: 485-510.

65. Gershlick AH, Stephens-Lloyd A, Hughes S, et al, REACT Trial Investigators. Rescue angioplasty after failed thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2005;353(26):2758-68.

66. Borgia F, Goodman SG, Halvorsen S, et al. Early routine percutaneous coronary intervention after fibrinolysis vs. standard therapy in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2010;31(17):2156-69.

67. D’Souza SP, Mamas MA, Fraser DG, Fath-Ordoubadi F. Routine early coronary angioplasty versus ischaemia-guided angioplasty after thrombolysis in acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. Eur Heart J. 2011;32(8):972-82.

68. Cantor WJ, Fitchett D, Borgundvaag B, et al, TRANSFER-AMI Trial Investigators. Routine early angioplasty after fibrinolysis for acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2009;360(26):2705-18.

69. GUSTO Investigators. An international randomized trial comparing four thrombolytic strategies for acute myocardial infarction. The GUSTO investigators. N Engl J Med. 1993;329:673-82. doi:10.1056/NEJM199309023291001.

70. Ellis SG, da Silva ER, Heyndrickx G, et al, RESCUE Investigators. Randomized comparison of rescue angioplasty with conservative management of patients with early failure of thrombolysis for acute anterior myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1994;90(5):2280-4.

71. Sutton AGC, Campbell PG, Graham R, et al. A randomized trial of rescue angioplasty versus a conservative approach for failed fibrinolysis in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the Middlesbrough Early Revascularization to Limit INfarction (MERLIN) trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44:287-96.

72. Wijeysundera HC, Vijayaraghavan R, Nallamothu BK, et al. Rescue angioplasty or repeat fibrinolysis after failed fibrinolytic therapy for ST-segment myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49:422-30. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2006.09.033.

73. Collet JP, Montalesot G, Le May M, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention after fibrinolysis: a multiple meta-analyses approach according to the type of strategy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2006;48:1326-35.

74. Appleton DL, Abbate A, Biondi-Zoccai GGL. Late percutaneous coronary intervention for the totally occluded infarct-related artery: a meta-analysis of the effects on cardiac function and remodeling. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2008;71:772-81.

75. Ellis SG, Tendera M, de Belder MA, et al. Facilitated PCI in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2008;358:2205-17. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa0706816.

76. Thiele H, Eitel I, Meinberg C, et al. Randomized comparison of pre-hospital-initiated facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention versus primary percutaneous coronary intervention in acute myocardial infarction very early after symptom onset: the LIPSIA-STEMI trial (Leipzig immediate prehospital facilitated angioplasty in ST-segment myocardial infarction) JACC Cardiovasc Interv. 2011;4:605-14.

77. The ASSENT-4 PCI Investigators. Primary versus tenecteplase-facilitated percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (ASSENT-4 PCI): randomised trial. Lancet. 2006;367:569-78. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(06)68147-6.

78. Hochman JS, Buller CE, Sleeper LA, et al. Cardiogenic shock complicating acute myocardial infarction: etiologies, management and outcome: a report from the SHOCK Trial Registry: SHould we emergently revascularize Occluded Coronaries for cardiogenic shocK? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:1063-70.

79. Dalrymple-Hay MJ, Langley SM, Sami SA, et al. Should coronary artery bypass grafting be performed at the same time as repair of a post-infarct ventricular septal defect? Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1998;13:286-92. doi:10.1016/s1010-7940(98)00010-4.

80. Menon V, Webb JG, Hillis LD, et al. Outcome and profile of ventricular septal rupture with cardiogenic shock after myocardial infarction: a report from the SHOCK Trial Registry. SHould we emergently revascularize Occluded Coronaries in cardiogenic shocK? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:1110-6. doi: 10.1016/s0735-1097(00)00878-0.

81. ISIS-2 (Second International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. Randomised trial of intravenous streptokinase, oral aspirin, both, or neither among 17,187 cases of suspected acute myocardial infarction: ISIS-2. Lancet. 1988;2(8607):349-60.

82. Antithrombotic Trialists’ Collaboration. Collaborative meta-analysis of randomised trials of antiplatelet therapy for prevention of death, myocardial infarction, and stroke in high risk patients. BMJ. 2002;324(7329):71-86. doi:10.1136/bmj.324.7329.71.

83. Collins R, MacMahon S, Flather M, et al. Clinical effects of anticoagulant therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction: systematic overview of randomised trials. BMJ. 1996;313:652-9. doi:10.1136/bmj.313.7058.652.

84. Eikelboom JW, Quinlan DJ, Mehta SR, et al. Unfractionated and low-molecular-weight heparin as adjuncts to thrombolysis in aspirin-treated patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of the randomized trials. Circulation. 2005;112:3855-67.

85. Yusuf S, Mehta SR, Xie C, et al. Effects of reviparin, a low-molecular-weight heparin, on mortality, reinfarction, and strokes in patients with acute myocardial infarction presenting with ST-segment elevation. JAMA. 2005 ;293(4):427-35. doi:10.1001/jama.293.4.427.

86. Yusuf S, Mehta SR, Chrolavicius S, et al. Effects of fondaparinux on mortality and reinfarction in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: the OASIS-6 randomized trial. JAMA. 2006;295:1519-30. doi:10.1001/jama.295.13.joc60038.

87. White H, Hirulog and Early Reperfusion or Occlusion (HERO)-2 Trial Investigators. Thrombin-specific anticoagulation with bivalirudin versus heparin in patients receiving fibrinolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: the HERO-2 randomised trial. Lancet. 2001;358:1855-63. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(01)06887-8.

88. Navarese EP, De Luca G, Castriota F, et al. Low-molecular-weight heparins vs. unfractionated heparin in the setting of percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. J Thromb Haemost. 2011;9:1902-15. doi:10.1111/j.1538-7836.2011.04445.x.

89. Silvain J, Beygui F, Barthelemy O, et al. Efficacy and safety of enoxaparin versus unfractionated heparin during percutaneous coronary intervention: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ. 2012; 344:e553. doi:10.1136/bmj.e553.

90. Capodanno D, Gargiulo G, Capranzano P, et al. Bivalirudin versus heparin with or without glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors in patients with STEMI undergoing primary PCI: An updated meta-analysis of 10,350 patients from five randomized clinical trials. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2016;5:253-62.

91. Erlinge D, Omerovic E, Frobert O, et al. Bivalirudin versus heparin monotherapy in myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:1132-42.

92. Chen ZM, Jiang LX, Chen YP, et al, COMMIT (ClOpidogrel and Metoprolol in Myocardial Infarction Trial) Collaborative Group. Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366(9497):1607-21. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67660-X.

93. Sabatine MS, Cannon CP, Gibson CM, et al, CLARITY-TIMI 28 Investigators. Addition of clopidogrel to aspirin and fibrinolytic therapy for myocardial infarction with ST-segment elevation. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(12):1179-89.

94. Steg PG, James S, Harrington RA, et al; PLATO Study Group. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes intended for reperfusion with primary percutaneous coronary intervention: A Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes (PLATO) trial subgroup analysis. Circulation. 2010;122(21):2131-41. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.927582.

95. Montalescot G, Wiviott SD, Braunwald E, et al. Prasugrel compared with clopidogrel in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (TRITON-TIMI 38): double-blind, randomised controlled trial. Lancet 2009;373:723-31. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(09)60441-4.

96. Montalescot G, Van’t Hof AW, Lapostolle F, et al., on behalf of the ATLANTIC Investigators. Prehospital Ticagrelor in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. N Engl J Med. 2014;371:1016-27.

97. Berwanger O, Nicolau JC, Carvalho AC, et al. Ticagrelor vs clopidogrel after fibrinolytic therapy in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA Cardiol. 2018;3(5):391-9. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2018.0612.

98. Wallentin L, Becker RC, Budaj A, et al. Ticagrelor versus clopidogrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:1045-57.

99. Sanchez PL, Gimeno F, Ancillo P, et al. Role of the paclitaxel-eluting stent and tirofiban in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing postfibrinolysis angioplasty: the GRACIA-3 randomized clinical trial. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2010;3(4):297-307.

100. Gurm HS, Lincoff AM, Lee D, et al, GUSTO V Trial. Outcome of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in diabetics treated with fibrinolytic or combination reduced fibrinolytic therapy and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibition: lessons from the GUSTO V trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;43(4):542-8. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2003.09.038.

101. Baird SH, Menown IB, McBride SJ, et al. Randomized comparison of enoxaparin with unfractionated heparin following fibrinolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2002;23:627-32. doi:10.1053/euhj.2001.2940.

102. Antman EM, Louwerenburg HW, Baars HF, et al. Enoxaparin as adjunctive antithrombin therapy for ST-elevation myocardial infarction: results of the ENTIRE-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction (TIMI) 23 Trial. Circulation. 2002;105:1642-9.

103. Wallentin L, Goldstein P, Armstrong PW, et al. Efficacy and safety of tenecteplase in combination with the low-molecular-weight heparin enoxaparin or unfractionated heparin in the prehospital setting: the Assessment of the Safety and Efficacy of a New Thrombolytic Regimen (ASSENT)-3 PLUS randomized trial in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2003;108:135-42. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000081659.72985.A8.

104. Giraldez RR, Nicolau JC, Corbalan R, et al. Enoxaparin is superior to unfractionated heparin in patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction undergoing fibrinolysis regardless of the choice of lytic: an ExTRACT-TIMI 25 analysis. Eur Heart J. 2007;28(13):1566-73.

105. Simoons M, Krzeminska-Pakula M, Alonso A, et al. Improved reperfusion and clinical outcome with enoxaparin as an adjunct to streptokinase thrombolysis in acute myocardial infarction. The AMI-SK study. Eur Heart J. 2002;23:1282-1290.

106. Peters RJ, Joyner C, Bassand JP, et al. The role of fondaparinux as an adjunct to thrombolytic therapy in acute myocardial infarction: a subgroup analysis of the OASIS-6 trial. Eur Heart J. 2008;29(3):324-31. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm616.

107. de Bono DP, Simoons ML, Tijssen J, et al. Effect of early intravenous heparin on coronary patency, infarct size, and bleeding complications after alteplase thrombolysis: results of a randomised double blind European Cooperative Study Group trial. Br Heart J. 1992;67(2):122-8. doi:10.1136/hrt.67.2.122.

108. CAPRIE Steering Committee. A randomised, blinded trial of clopidogrel versus aspirin in patients at risk of ischaemic events (CAPRIE). Lancet.1996;348(9038):1329-39. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(96)09457-3.

109. Cavender MA, Sabatine MS. Bivalirudin versus heparin in patients planned for percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Lancet. 2014;384(9943):599-606.

110. Bonin M, Mewton N, Roubille F, et al; for CIRCUS Study Investigators. Effect and safety of morphine use in acute anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. J Am Heart Assoc. 2018; 7(4):e006833. doi:10.1161/JAHA.117.006833.

111. Lapostolle F, Van’t Hof AW, Hamm CW, et al. for ATLANTIC Investigators. Morphine and ticagrelor interaction in primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: ATLANTIC-Morphine. Am J Cardiovasc Drugs. 2019;19(2):173-83. doi:10.1007/s40256-018-0305-0.

112. Thomas MR, Morton AC, Hossain R, et al. Morphine delays the onset of action of prasugrel in patients with prior history of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Thromb Haemost. 2016;116(1):96-102. doi:10.1160/TH16-02-0102.

113. Hobl EL, Stimpfl T, Ebner J, et al. Morphine decreases clopidogrel concentrations and effects: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(7):630-5.

114. Hofmann R, James SK, Jernberg T, et al, DETO2X-SWEDEHEART Investigators. Oxygen therapy in suspected acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:1240-9.

115. Stub D, Smith K, Bernard S, et al; AVOID Investigators. Air versus oxygen in ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2015;131(24):2143-50. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.014494.

116. ISIS-4 (Fourth International Study of Infarct Survival) Collaborative Group. ISIS-4: a randomised factorial trial assessing early oral captopril, oral mononitrate, and intravenous magnesium sulphate in 58,050 patients with suspected acute myocardial infarction. Lancet. 1995;345(8951):669-85.

117. ISSI-3: effects of lisinopril and transdermal glyceryl trinitrate singly and together on 6-week mortality and ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. Gruppo Italiano per lo STudio della Sopravvivenza nell’infarto Miocardico. Lancet. 1994;343:1115-22.

118. Mooss AN, Hilleman DE, Mohiuddin SM, Hunter CB. Safety of esmolol in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with thrombolytic therapy who had relative contraindications to beta-blocker therapy. Ann Pharmacother. 1994;28(6):701-3. doi:10.1177/106002809402800601.

119. Frishman WH, Ruggio J, Furberg C. Use of beta-adrenergic blocking agents after myocardial infarction. Postgrad Med. 1985;78(8):40-6.

120. Freemantle N, Cleland J, Young P, et al. Beta blockade after myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta regression analysis. BMJ 1999;318(7200):1730-7.

121. Roolvink V, Ibanez B, Ottervanger JP, et al, EARLY-BAMI Investigators. Early intravenous beta-blockers in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction before primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67(23):2705-15.

122. Watanabe H, Ozasa N, Morimoto T, et al; CAPITAL-RCT investigators. Long-term use of carvedilol in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention. PLoS One. 2018;13(8):e0199347.

123. Bangalore S, Makani H, Radford M, et al. Clinical outcomes with в-blockers for myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Am J Med. 2014;127(10):939-53. doi:10.1016/j.amjmed.2014.05.032.

124. Huang BT, Huang FY, Zuo ZL, et al. Meta-analysis of relation between oral в-blocker therapy and outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol. 2015;115(11):1529-38. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2015.02.057.

125. Goldberger JJ, Bonow RO, Cuffe M, et al, OBTAIN Investigators. Effect of beta-blocker dose on survival after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2015;66(13):1431-41.

126. Andersson C, Shilane D, Go AS, et al. Beta-blocker therapy and cardiac events among patients with newly diagnosed coronary heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64(3):247-52. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.042.

127. Dargie HJ. Effect of carvedilol on outcome after myocardial infarction in patients with left-ventricular ysfunction: the CAPRICORN randomised trial. Lancet. 2001;357(9266):1385-90.

128. Sterling LH, Filion KB, Atallah R, et al. Intravenous beta-blockers in ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Cardiol. 2017;228:295-302. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.11.133.

129. Crea F, Deanfield J, Crean P, et al. Effects of verapamil in preventing early postinfarction angina and reinfarction. Am J Cardiol. 1985, 1;55(8):900-4.

130. Yusuf S, Held P, Furberg C. Update of effects of calcium antagonists in myocardial infarction or angina in light of the second Danish Verapamil Infarction Trial (DAVIT-II) and other recent studies. Am J Cardiol. 1991;67(15):1295-7. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(91)90944-g.

131. Goldbourt U, Behar S, Reicher-Reiss H, et al. Early administration of nifedipine in suspected acute myocardial infarction. The secondary prevention reinfarction Israel nifedipine trial 2 study. Arch Intern Med. 1993;153(3):345-53.

132. Indications for ACE inhibitors in the early treatment of acute myocardial infarction: systematic overview of individual data from 100,000 patients in randomized trials. ACE Inhibitor Myocardial Infarction Collaborative Group. Circulation 1998;97(22):2202-12. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.97.22.2202.

133. Flather MD, Yusuf S, K0ber L, et al. Long-term ACE-inhibitor therapy in patients with heart failure or left-ventricular dysfunction: a systematic overview of data from individual patients. ACE-Inhibitor Myocardial Infarction Collaborative Group. Lancet. 2000;355(9215):1575-81.

134. Pfeffer MA, Greaves SC, Arnold JM, et al. Early versus delayed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition therapy in acute myocardial infarction. The healing and early afterload reducing therapy trial. Circulation. 1997;95(12):2643-51. doi:10.1161/01.cir.95.12.2643.

135. Pfeffer MA, McMurray JJ, Velazquez EJ, et al. Valsartan in Acute Myocardial Infarction Trial Investigators. Valsartan, captopril, or both in myocardial infarction complicated by heart failure, left ventricular dysfunction, or both. N Engl J Med. 2003;349(20):1893-906.

136. McMurray JJ, Packer M, Desai AS, et al., on behalf of the PARADIGM-HF Investigators and Committees. Angiotensin-neprilysin inhibition versus enalapril in heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(11):993-1004.

137. Pitt B, Remme W, Zannad F, et al. Eplerenone Post-Acute Myocardial Infarction Heart Failure Efficacy and Survival Study Investigators. Eplerenone, a selective aldosterone blocker, in patients with left ventricular dysfunction after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2003;348(14):1309-21. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa030207.

138. Montalescot G, Pitt B, Lopez de Sa E, et al, REMINDER Investigators. Early eplerenone treatment in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction without heart failure: the Randomized Double-Blind Reminder Study. Eur Heart J. 2014;35(34):2295-302.

139. Dahal K, Hendrani A, Sharma SP, et al. Aldosterone antagonist therapy and mortality in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction without heart failure: a systematic review and meta-analysis. JAMA Intern Med. 2018;178(7):913-20. doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2018.0850.

140. Beygui F, Van Belle E, Ecollan P, et al. Individual participant data analysis of two trials on aldosterone blockade in myocardial infarction. Heart. 2018;104:1843-9.

141. Stenestrand U, Wallentin L, for the Swedish Register of Cardiac Intensive Care (RIKS-HIA). Early Statin Treatment Following Acute Myocardial Infarction and 1-Year Survival. JAMA. 2001;285(4):430-6. doi:10.1001/jama.285.4.430.

142. Aronow HD, Topol EJ, Roe MT, et al. Effect of lipid-lowering therapy on early mortality after acute coronary syndromes: an observational study. Lancet. 2001;357:1063-8.

143. Giugliano RP, Antman EM, Thompson SL, et al. Lipid lowering drug therapy initiated during hospitalization for acute MI is associated with lower postdischarge 1-year mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2001;37(suppl A):316A. Abstract.

144. Fonarow GC, Wright RS, Spencer FA, et al. Effect of statin use within the first 24 hours of admission for acute myocardial infarction on early morbidity and mortality. Am J Cardiol. 2005;96:611-6.

145. Han X, Zhang Y, Yin L, et al. Statin in the treatment of patients with myocardial infarction: a meta-analysis. Medicine. 2018;12(2018):e0167. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000010167.

146. Winchester DE, Wen X, Xie L, Bavry AA. Evidence of pre-procedural statin therapy a meta-analysis of randomized trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56:1099-109. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2010.04.023.

147. Benjo AM, El-Hayek GE, Messerli F, et al. High dose statin loading prior to percutaneous coronary intervention decreases cardiovascular events: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;85:53-60. doi:10.1002/ccd.25302.

148. Yu XL, Zhang HJ, Ren SD, et al. Effects of loading dose of atorvastatin before percutaneous coronary intervention on periprocedural myocardial injury. Coron Artery Dis. 2011;22:87-91. doi:10.1097/MCA.0b013e328341baee.

149. Liu Y, Su Q, Li L. Efficacy of short-term high-dose atorvastatin pretreatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis of nine randomized controlled trials. Clin Cardiol. 2013;36(12): E41-8. doi:10.1002/clc.22198.

150. Navarese EP, Kowalewski M, Andreotti F, et al. Meta-analysis of time-related benefits of statin therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention. Am J Cardiol. 2014;113:1753-64. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2014.02.034.

151. Ma Y, Xiang C, Zhang B. Efficacy Evaluation of high-dose atorvastatin pretreatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Med Sci Monit. 2018;24:9354-63. doi:10.12659/MSM.912544.

152. Ma M, Bu L, Shi L, Guo R, et al. Effect of loading dose of atorvastatin therapy prior to percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a metaanalysis of six randomized controlled trials. Drug Design, Development and Therapy. 2019;13:1233-40.

153. Burgos LM, Battioni L, Costabel JP, Trivi M. Effect of high-dose statin pretreatment in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. European Heart Journal. 2019;40, Suppl. 10:ehz747.0430.

154. Cannon CP, Braunwald E, McCabe CH, et al., Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 22 Investigators. Intensive versus moderate lipid lowering with statins after acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2004;350(15):1495-504.

155. Cholesterol Treatment Trialists’ (CTT) Collaboration, Fulcher J, O’Connell R, et al. Efficacy and safety of LDL-lowering therapy among men and women: meta-analysis of individual data from 174,000 participants in 27 randomised trials. Lancet. 2015;385(9976):1397-405. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61368-4.

156. Cannon ChP, Blazing MA, Giugliano RP, et al., for the IMPROVE-IT Investigator. Ezetimibe Added to Statin Therapy after Acute Coronary Syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2015; 372:238797. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1410489.

157. Schwartz GG, Steg PG, Szarek M, and ODYSSEY OUTCOMES Committees and Investigators. Alirocumab and cardiovascular outcomes after acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2018;379:2097-107.

158. Benner JS, Tierce JC, Ballantyne CM, et al. Follow-up lipid tests and physician visits are associated with improved adherence to statin therapy. Pharmacoeconomics. 2004;22(suppl 3):13-23. doi:10.2165/00019053-200422003-00003.

159. Sabatine MS, Giugliano RP, Keech AC, et al., FOURIER Steering Committee and Investigators. Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;376(18):1713-22.

160. Shah R, Rashid A, Hwang I et al. Meta-Analysis of the Relative Efficacy and Safety of Oral P2Y12 Inhibitors in Patients With Acute Coronary Syndrome. Am J Cardiol. 2017;119:1723-8.

161. Motovska Z, Hlinomaz O, Miklik R, et al., on behalf of the PRAGUE-18 Study Group. Prasugrel versus ticagrelor in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention: multicenter randomized PRAGUE-18 Study. Circulation. 2016;134:1603-12. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024823.

162. Schupke S, Neumann FJ, Menichelli M, et al., on behalf of the ISAR-REACT 5 Trial Investigators. Ticagrelor or prasugrel in patients with acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2019;381:1524-34.

163. Mehta SR, Tanguay JF, Eikelboom JW, et al., for CURRENT-OASIS Trial Investigators. Double-dose versus standard-dose clopidogrel and high-dose versus low-dose aspirin in individuals undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention for acute coronary syndromes (CURRENT-OASIS 7): a randomised factorial trial. Lancet. 2010;376:1233-43.

164. Palmerini T, Della Riva D, Benedetto U, et al. Three, six or twelve months of dual antiplatelet therapy after drug-eluting stent implantation in patients with or without acute coronary syndromes: an individual patient data pairwise and network meta-analysis of six randomized trials and 11,473 patients. Eur Heart J. 2017;38:1034-43. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehw627.

165. Costa F, van Klaveren D, James S, et al.; PRECISE-DAPT Study Investigators. Derivation and validation of the predicting bleeding complications in patients undergoing stent implantation and subsequent dual antiplatelet therapy (PRECISE-DAPT) score: a pooled analysis of individual-patient datasets from clinical trials. Lancet. 2017;389:1025-34.

166. Udell JA, Bonaca MP, Collet JP, et al. Long-term dual antiplatelet therapy for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events in the subgroup of patients with previous myocardial infarction: a collaborative meta-analysis of randomized trials. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:390-9. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehv443.

167. Bonaca MP, Bhatt DL, Cohen M, et al., PEGASUS-TIMI 54 Steering Committee and Investigators. Long-term use of ticagrelor in patients with prior myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 2015;372:1791-800. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1500857.

168. Bonaca MP, Bhatt DL, Steg PG, et al. Ischaemic risk and efficacy of ticagrelor in relation to time from P2Y12 inhibitor withdrawal in patients with prior myocardial infarction: Insights from PEGASUS-TIMI 54. Eur Heart J. 2016;37:1133-42.

169. Schjerning Olsen AM, Lindhardsen J, Gislason GH, et al. Impact of proton pump inhibitor treatment on gastrointestinal bleeding associated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug use among post-myocardial infarction patients taking antithrombotics: nation-wide study. BMJ. 2015;351:h5096. doi:10.1136/bmj.h5096.

170. Sehested TS, Carlson N, Hansen PW, et al. Reduced risk of gastrointestinal bleeding associated with proton pump inhibitor therapy in patients treated with dual antiplatelet therapy after myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 2019;40:1963-70. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehz104.

171. Cuisset T, Deharo P, Quilici J, et al. Benefit of switching dual antiplatelet therapy after acute coronary syndrome: the TOPIC (timing of platelet inhibition after acute coronary syndrome) randomized study. Eur Heart J. 2017;38:3070-8. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehx175.

172. Sibbing D, Aradi D, Jacobshagen C, et al., on behalf of the TROPICAL-ACS Investigators. Guided de-EOKalation of antiplatelet treatment in patients with acute coronary syndrome undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (TROPICAL-ACS): a randomised, openlabel, multicentre trial. Lancet. 2017;390:1747-57.

173. Gurbel PA, Bliden KP, Butler K, et al. Response to ticagrelor in clopidogrel non-responders and responders and effect of switching therapies: the RESPOND study. Circulation. 2010;121:1188-99.

174. O’Donoghue M, Antman EM, Braunwald E, et al. The efficacy and safety of prasugrel with and without a glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor in patients with acute coronary syndromes undergoing percutaneous intervention: a TRITON-TIMI 38 (Trial to Assess Improvement in Therapeutic Outcomes by Optimizing Platelet Inhibition with Prasugrel — Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 38) analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2009;54:678-85. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2009.05.025.

175. Mehilli J, Kastrati A, Schulz S, et al. Abciximab in patients with acute ST-segment-elevation myocardial infarction undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention after clopidogrel loading: a randomized double-blind trial. Circulation. 2009;119:1933-40. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.108.818617.

176. Valgimigli M, Frigoli E, Leonardi S, et al.; MATRIX Investigators. Bivalirudin or unfractionated heparin in acute coronary syndromes. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:997-1009. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1507854.

177. Zhang S, Gao W, Li H, et al. Efficacy and safety of bivalirudin versus heparin in patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int J Cardiol. 2016;209:87-5.

178. Nuhrenberg TG, Hochholzer W, Mashayekhi K, et al. Efficacy and safety of bivalirudin for percutaneous coronary intervention in acute coronary syndromes: A meta-analysis of randomized-controlled trials. Clin Res Cardiol. 2018;107:807-15.

179. Brener SJ, Moliterno DJ, Lincoff AM, et al. Relationship between activated clotting time and ischemic or hemorrhagic complications: analysis of 4 recent randomized clinical trials of percutaneous coronary intervention. Circulation. 2004;110:994-8. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000139868.53594.24.

180. Mega JL, Braunwald E, Wiviott SD, et al., ATLAS ACS 2-TIMI 51 Investigators. Rivaroxaban in patients with a recent acute coronary syndrome. N Engl J Med. 2012;366:9-19.

181. Eikelboom JW, Connolly SJ, Bosch J, et al., on behalf of the COMPASS Investigators. Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in stable cardiovascular disease. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:1319-30. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1709118.

182. Connolly SJ, Eikelboom JW, Bosch J et al. Rivaroxaban with or without aspirin in patients with stable coronary artery disease: an international, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2018;391:205-18.

183. Dewilde WJ, Oirbans T, Verheugt FW, et al., WOEST Study Investigators. Use of clopidogrel with or without aspirin in patients taking oral anticoagulant therapy and undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: an open-label, randomised, controlled trial. Lancet. 2013;381:1107-15. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62177-1.

184. Gibson CM, Mehran R, Bode C, et al. Prevention of bleeding in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing PCI. N Engl J Med. 2016;375:2423-34.

185. Cannon CP, Bhatt DL, Oldgren J, et al.; DUAL RE-Steering Committee PCI and Investigators. Dual antithrombotic therapy with dabigatran after PCI in atrial fibrillation. N Engl J Med. 2017;377:1513-24.

186. Lopes RD, Heizer G, Aronson R, et al., for the AUGUSTUS Investigators. Antithrombotic therapy after acute coronary syndrome or PCI in atrial fibrillation. NEJM. 2019;380:1509-24.

187. Lopes RD, Hong H, Harskamp RE, Bhatt DL, et al. Safety and efficacy of antithrombotic strategies in patients with atrial fibrillation undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention: a network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. JAMA Cardiol. 2019; doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2019.1880.

188. Dans AL, Connolly SJ, Wallentin L, et al. Concomitant use of antiplatelet therapy with dabigatran or warfarin in the Randomized Evaluation of Long-Term Anticoagulation Therapy (RE-LY) trial. Circulation. 2013;127:634-40.

189. Kopin D, Jones WS, Sherwood MW, et al. Percutaneous coronary intervention and antiplatelet therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation receiving apixaban or warfarin: insights from the ARISTOTLE trial. Am Heart J. 2018;197:133-41. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2017.11.005.

190. Ruff CT, Giugliano RP, Braunwald E et al. Comparison of the efficacy and safety of new oral anticoagulants with warfarin in patients with atrial fibrillation: A meta-analysis of randomised trials. Lancet. 2014;383:955-62. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(13)62343-0.

191. Lamberts M, Olesen JB, Ruwald MH, et al. Bleeding after initiation of multiple antithrombotic drugs, including triple therapy, in atrial fibrillation patients following myocardial infarction and coronary intervention: a nationwide cohort study. Circulation. 2012;126:1185-93. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.112.114967.

192. Lamberts M, Gislason GH, Olesen JB, et al. Oral anticoagulation and antiplatelets in atrial fibrillation patients after myocardial infarction and coronary intervention. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2013;62:981-9. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2013.05.029.

193. Svensson AM, McGuire DK, Abrahamsson P, Dellborg M. Association between hyper- and hypoglycaemia and 2 year all-cause mortality risk in diabetic patients with acute coronary events. Eur Heart J. 2005;26:1255-61.

194. Finfer S, Chittock DR, Su SY, et al. Intensive versus conventional glucose control in critically ill patients. N Engl J Med. 2009;360:1283-97.

195. Malmberg K, Ryden L, Efendic S, et al. Randomized trial of insulin-glucose infusion followed by subcutaneous insulin treatment in diabetic patients with acute myocardial infarction (DIGAMI study): effects on mortality at 1 year. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:57-65. doi:10.1016/0735-1097(95)00126-k.

196. Malmberg K. Prospective randomised study of intensive insulin treatment on long term survival after acute myocardial infarction in patients with diabetes mellitus. DIGAMI (Diabetes Mellitus, Insulin Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction) Study Group. BMJ. 1997;314:1512-5. doi:10.1136/bmj.314.7093.1512.

197. Ritsinger V, Malmberg K, Martensson A, et al. Intensified insulin-based glycaemic control after myocardial infarction: mortality during 20 year follow-up of the randomised Diabetes Mellitus Insulin Glucose Infusion in Acute Myocardial Infarction (DIGAMI 1) trial. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol. 2014;2:627-33.

198. Mamas MA, Neyses L, Fath-Ordoubadi F. A meta-analysis of glucose-insulin-potassium therapy for treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Exp Clin Cardiol. 2010;15(2):e20-e24.

199. Skyler JS, Bergenstal R, Bonow RO, et al. Intensive glycemic control and the prevention of cardiovascular events: implications of the ACCORD, ADVANCE, and VA Diabetes Trials. Diabetes Care. 2009;32:187-92. doi:10.2337/dc08-9026.

200. Gislason GH, Jacobsen S, Rasmussen JN, et al. Risk of death or reinfarction associated with the use of selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and nonselective nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs after acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 2006;113:2906-13.

201. Kearney PM, Baigent C, Godwin J, et al. Do selective cyclo-oxygenase-2 inhibitors and traditional non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase the risk of atherothrombosis? Meta-analysis of randomised trials. BMJ. 2006;332:1302-8.

202. Gibson CM, Pride YB, Aylward PE, et al. Association of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs with outcomes in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction treated with fibrinolytic therapy: an ExTRACT-TIMI 25 analysis. J Thromb Thrombolysis. 2009;27:11-7. doi:10.1007/s11239-008-0264-4.

203. Killip T, Kimball J.T. Treatment of myocardial infarction in a coronary care unit. Am J Cardiol. 1967;20(4):457-64. doi:10.1016/0002-9149(67)90023-9.

204. Khot UN, Jia G, Moliterno DJ, et al. Prognostic importance of physical examination for heart failure in non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes: the enduring value of Killip classification. JAMA. 2003;290(16):2174-81.

205. Weng CL, Zhao YT, Liu QH, et al. Meta-analysis: non-invasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. Ann Intern Med. 2010;152(9):590-600. doi:10.1059/0003-4819-152-9-201005040-00009.

206. Gray A, Goodacre S, Newby DE, et al., 3CPO Trialists. Noninvasive ventilation in acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema. N Engl J Med. 2008;359(2):142-51.

207. McAlister FA, Stewart S, Ferrua S, McMurray JJ. Multidisciplinary strategies for the management of heart failure patients at high risk for admission: a systematic review of randomized trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2004;44(4):810-9.

208. Chen ZM, Pan HC, Chen YP, et al., COMMIT Collaborative Group. Early intravenous then oral metoprolol in 45,852 patients with acute myocardial infarction: randomised placebo-controlled trial. Lancet. 2005;366(9497):1622-32. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67661-1.

209. Bossard M, Binbraik Y, Beygui F, et al. Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction — A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials. Am Heart J. 2018;195:60-9. doi:10.1016/j.ahj.2017.09.010.

210. Buerke M, Prondzinsky R, Lemm H, et al. Intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation in the treatment of infarction-related cardiogenic shock — review of the current evidence. Artif Organs. 2012;36(6):505-11.

211. Karami M, Hemradj V, Ouweneel D, et al. TCT-820 systematical review and metaanalysis on the use of inotropes and vasopressors in cardiogenic shock: time to close the gap between current clinical practice and evidence? J Am Coll Cardiol. 2019;74(13 Supplement):B803.

212. Moiseyev VS, Poder P, Andrejevs N, et al, RUSSLAN Study Investigators. Safety and efficacy of a novel calcium sensitiser, levosimendan, in patients with left ventricular failure due to an acute myocardial infarction: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study (RUSSLAN). Eur Heart J. 2002;23:1422-32. doi:10.1053/euhj.2001.3158.

213. Nieminen MS, Buerke M, Cohen-Solal A, et al. The role of levosimendan in acute heart failure complicating acute coronary syndrome: A review and expert consensus opinion. Int J Cardiol. 2016;218:150-7. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.05.009.

214. De Backer D, Biston P, Devriendt J, et al., SOAP II Investigators. Comparison of dopamine and norepinephrine in the treatment of shock. N Engl J Med. 2010;362(9):779-89.

215. Costanzo MR, Guglin ME, Saltzberg MT, et al. UNLOAD Trial Investigators et al. Ultrafiltration versus intravenous diuretics for patients hospitalized for acute decompensated heart failure. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2007;49:675-83.

216. Hjalmarson A. Effects of beta blockade on sudden cardiac death during acute myocardial infarction and the postinfarction period. Am J Cardiol. 1997;80(9B):35J-39J.

217. Piccini JP, Hranitzky PM, Kilaru R, et al. Relation of mortality to failure to prescribe beta-blockers acutely in patients with sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation following acute myocardial infarction (from the VALsartan In Acute myocardial iNfarcTion trial [VALIANT] Registry). Am J Cardiol. 2008;102:1427-32. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.07.033.

218. Hine LK, Laird N, Hewitt P, Chalmers TC. Meta-analytic evidence against prophylactic use of lidocaine in acute myocardial infarction. Arch Intern Med. 1989;149(12):2694-8.

219. Echt DS, Liebson PR, Mitchell LB, et al. Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial. N Engl J Med. 1991;324(12):781-8. doi:10.1056/NEJM199103213241201.

220. Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial II Investigators. Effect of the antiarrhythmic agent moricizine on survival after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1992;327(4):227-33. doi: 10.1056/NEJM199207233270403.

221. Teo KK, Yusuf S, Furberg CD. Effects of prophylactic antiarrhythmic drug therapy in acute myocardial infarction. An overview of results from randomized controlled trials. JAMA. 1993;270:1589-95.

222. Dumas F, Cariou A, Manzo-Silberman S, et al. Immediate percutaneous coronary intervention is associated with better survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: insights from the PROCAT (Parisian Region Out of hospital Cardiac ArresT) registry. Circ Cardiovasc Interv. 2010;3(3):200-7.

223. Moss AJ, Zareba W, Hall WJ, et al., Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial II Investigators. Prophylactic implantation of a defibrillator in patients with myocardial infarction and reduced ejection fraction. N Engl J Med. 2002;346(12):877-83. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa013474.

224. Bardy GH, Lee KL, Mark DB, et al., Sudden Cardiac Death in Heart Failure Trial Investigators. Amiodarone or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator for congestive heart failure. N Engl J Med. 2005;352(3):225-37.

225. Hess PL, Laird A, Edwards R, et al. Survival benefit of primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy after myocardial infarction: does time to implant matter? A meta-analysis using patient-level data from 4 clinical trials. Heart Rhythm. 2013;10(6):828-35.

226. Haddadin S, Milano AD, Faggian G, et al. Surgical treatment of postinfarction left ventricular free wall rupture. J Card Surg. 2009;24:624-31. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8191.2009.00896.x.

227. Fasol R, Lakew F, Wetter S. Mitral repair in patients with a ruptured papillary muscle. Am Heart J. 2000;139:549-54. doi:10.1016/s0002-8703(00)90101-7.

228. Adler Y, Charron P, Imazio M, et al. 2015 ESC uidelines for the diagnosis and management of pericardial diseases: The Task Force for the Diagnosis and Management of Pericardial Diseases of the European Society of Cardiology Endorsed by: The European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS). Eur Heart J. 2015;36:2921-64.

229. Keeley EC, Hillis LD. Left ventricular mural thrombus after acute myocardial infarction. Clinical Cardiology. 1996;19:83-6. doi:10.1002/clc.4960190203.

230. Rauch B, Davos CH, Doherty P, et al. The prognostic effect of cardiac rehabilitation in the era of acute revascularisation and statin therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized and non-randomized studies — The Cardiac Rehabilitation Outcome Study (CROS). Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016;23(18):1914-39.

231. Pogosova N, Saner H, Pedersen SS, et al. Psychosocial aspects in cardiac rehabilitation: from theory to practice. A Position Paper From the Cardiac Rehabilitation Section of The European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2015;22(10):1290-306. doi:10.1177/2047487314543075.

232. Giannuzzi P, Temporelli PL, Marchioli R, et al., Investigators G. Global secondary prevention strategies to limit event recurrence after myocardial infarction: results of the GOSPEL study, a multicenter, randomized controlled trial from the Italian Cardiac Rehabilitation Network. Arch Intern Med. 2008;168:2194-204.

233. Voogdt-Pruis HR, Beusmans GH, Gorgels AP, et al. Effectiveness of nurse-delivered cardiovascular risk management in primary care: a randomised trial. Br J Gen Pract. 2010;60:40-6. doi:10.3399/bjgp10X482095.

234. Wood DA, Kotseva K, Connolly S, et al., Group ES. Nurse-coordinated multidisciplinary, family-based cardiovascular disease prevention programme (EUROACTION) for patients with coronary heart disease and asymptomatic individuals at high risk of cardiovascular disease: a paired, cluster-randomised controlled trial. Lancet. 2008;371:1999-2012.

235. Lamotte M, Niset G, van de Borne P. The effect of different intensity modalities of resistance training on beat-to-beat blood pressure in cardiac patients. Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2005;12(1):12-7.

236. Fidalgo ASF, Farinatti P, Borges JP, et al.Institutional guidelines for resistance exercise training in cardiovascular disease: a systematic review. Sports Med. 2019;49(3):463-75. doi:10.1007/s40279-019-01059-z.

237. Taylor RS, Brown A, Ebrahim S, et al. Exercise-based rehabilitation for patients with coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am J Med. 2004;116:682-92.

238. Clark AM, Hartling L, Vandermeer B, McAlister FA. Meta-analysis: secondary prevention programs for patients with coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med. 2005;143:659-72. doi:10.7326/0003-4819-143-9-200511010-00010.

239. Iestra JA, Kromhout D, van der Schouw YT, et al. Effect size estimates of lifestyle and dietary changes on all-cause mortality in coronary artery disease patients: a systematic review. Circulation. 2005;112:924-34.

240. Taylor RS, Una lB, Critchley JA, Capewel LS. Mortality reduction in patients receiving exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation: how much can be attributed to cardiovascular risk factor improvements? Eur J Cardiovasc Prev Rehabil. 2006;13:369-74.

241. Hammill BG, Curtis LH, Schulman KA, Whellan DJ. Relationship between cardiac rehabilitation and long-term risks of death and myocardial infarction among elderly Medicare beneficiaries. Circulation. 2010;121:63-70. doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.876383.

242. Chow CK, Jolly S, Rao-Melacini P, et al. Association of diet, exercise, and smoking modification with risk of early cardiovascular events after acute coronary syndromes. Circulation. 2010;121:750-8.

243. Aldcroft SA, Taylor NF, Blackstock FC, O’Halloran PD. Psychoeducational rehabilitation for health behavior change in coronary artery disease: a systematic review of controlled trials. J Cardiopulm Rehabil Prev. 2011;31:273-81. doi:10.1097/HCR.0b013e318220a7c9.

244. Heran BS, Chen JM, Ebrahim S, et al. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;1:CD001800. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001800.pub2.

245. Janssen V, De Gucht V, Dusseldorp E, Maes S. Lifestyle modification programmes for patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2013;20:620-40. doi:10.1177/2047487312462824.

246. Lawler PR, Filion KB, Eisenberg MJ. Efficacy of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation postmyocardial infarction: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Am Heart J. 2011;162:571-84.

247. Mezzani A, Hamm LF, Jones AM, et al. Aerobic exercise intensity assessment and prescription in cardiac rehabilitation: a joint position statement of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation, the American Association of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Rehabilitation and the Canadian Association of Cardiac Rehabilitation. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2013;20(3):442-67. doi:10.1177/2047487312460484.

248. Bruning RS, Sturek M. Benefits of exercise training on coronary blood flow in coronary artery disease patients. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2015;57:443-53.

249. Anderson L, Oldridge N, Thompson DR, et al. Exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation for coronary heart disease: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2016;67:1-12. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2015.10.044.

250. Stewart RAH, Held C, Hadziosmanovic N, et al., White HD, Investigators S. Physical activity and mortality in patients with stable coronary heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;70:1689-700.

251. Booth JN, 3rd, Levitan EB, Brown TM, et al. Effect of sustaining lifestyle modifications (non-smoking, weight reduction, physical activity, and mediterranean diet) after healing of myocardial infarction, percutaneous intervention, or coronary bypass (from the REasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study). Am J Cardiol. 2014;113:1933-40.

252. de Vries H, Kemps HM, van Engen-Verheul MM, et al. Cardiac rehabilitation and survival in a large representative community cohort of Dutch patients. Eur Heart J. 2015;36:1519-28.

253. Piepoli MF, Corra U, Benzer W. Secondary prevention through cardiac rehabilitation: Physical activity counselling and exercise training: key components of the position paper from the Cardiac Rehabilitation Section of the European Association of Cardiovascular Prevention and Rehabilitation. Eur Heart J Suppl. 2010;31:1967-74.

254. Piepoli MF, Corra U, Adamopoulos S, et al. Secondary prevention in the clinical management of patients with cardiovascular diseases. Core components, standards and outcome measures for referral and delivery: A Policy Statement from the Cardiac Rehabilitation Section of the European Association for Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation. Endorsed by the Committee for Practice Guidelines of the European Society of Cardiology. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2014;21(6):664-81. doi:10.1177/2047487312449597.

255. Piepoli MF, Corra U, Dendale P, et al. Challenges in secondary prevention after acute myocardial infarction: a call for action. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2016;23(18):1994-2006.

256. Critchley JA, Capewell S. Mortality risk reduction associated with smoking cessation in patients with coronary heart disease: a systematic review. JAMA. 2003;290:86-97. doi:10.1001/jama.290.1.86.

257. Thomson CC, Rigotti NA. Hospital- and clinic-based smoking cessation interventions for smokers with cardiovascular disease. Prog Cardiovasc Dis. 2003;45:459-79.

258. Meine TJ, Richard P et al. Reduced incidence of admissions for myocardial infarction associated with public smoking ban: before and after study. BMJ. 2004;328:977-80.

259. Hughes JR, Stead LF, Lancaster T. Antidepressants for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2007;1:CD000031.

260. Rigotti NA, Clair C, Munafo MR, Stead LF. Interventions for smoking cessation in hospitalised patients. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;5:CD001837. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001837.pub3.

261. Cahill K, Stead LF, Lancaster T. Nicotine receptor partial agonists for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012;4:CD006103. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006103.pub6.

262. Cahill K, Stevens S, Perera R, Lancaster T. Pharmacological interventions for smoking cessation: an overview and network meta-analysis. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013;5:CD009329. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009329.pub2.

263. Mills EJ, Thorlund K, Eapen S, Wu P, Prochaska JJ. Cardiovascular events associated with smoking cessation pharmacotherapies: a network meta-analysis. Circulation. 2014;129:28-41.

264. Stead LF, Koilpillai P, Fanshawe TR, Lancaster T. Combined pharmacotherapy and behavioural interventions for smoking cessation. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2016;3:CD008286.

265. Trichopoulou A, Bamia C, Norat T, et al. Modified Mediterranean diet and survival after myocardial infarction: the EPIC-Elderly STudy. Eur J Epidemiol 2007;22:871-81. doi:10.1007/s10654-007-9190-6.

266. Sofi F, Abbate R, Gensini GF, Casini A. Accruing evidence on benefits of adherence to the Mediterranean diet on health: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Am J Clin Nutr. 2010;92:1189-96. doi:10.3945/ajcn.2010.29673.

267. Estruch R, Ros E, Salas-Salvado J, et al., Investigators PS. Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease with a Mediterranean diet. N Engl J Med 2013; 368:1279-90.

268. Wang X, Ouyang Y, Liu J, et al. Fruit and vegetable consumption and mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer: systematic review and dose-response metaanalysis of prospective cohort studies. BMJ. 2014;349:g4490. doi:10.1136/bmj.g4490.

269. Freeman AM, Morris PB, Barnard N, et al. Trending Cardiovascular Nutrition Controversies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2017;69:1172-87.

270. Miller V, Mente A, Dehghan M, et al., Prospective Urban Rural Epidemiology study. Fruit, vegetable, and legume intake, and cardiovascular disease and deaths in 18 countries (PURE): a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2017;390:2037-49.

271. Wood AM, Kaptoge S, Butterworth AS, et al, Emerging Risk Factors Collaboration E-CVDUKBASG. Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption: combined analysis of individual-participant data for 599,912 current drinkers in 83 prospective studies. Lancet. 2018;391:1513-23. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30134-X.

272. GBD 2016 Alcohol Collaborators. Alcohol use and burden for 195 countries and territories, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016 [published correction appears in Lancet. 2018;392(10153):1116] [published correction appears in Lancet. 2019;393(10190):e44]. Lancet. 2018;392(10152):1015-35. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(18)31310-2.

273. Pack QR, Rodriguez-EOKudero JP, Thomas RJ, et al. The prognostic importance of weight loss in coronary artery disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Mayo Clin Proc 2014;89:1368-77.

274. Jackson Ch L, Joshy G, Lewington S, et al. Body mass index and all-cause mortality: individual participant-data meta-analysis of 239 prospective studies in four continents. Lancet. 2016;388:776-86.

275. Khan SS, Ning H, Wilkins JT, Allen N, Carnethon M, Berry JD, Sweis RN, Lloyd-Jones DM. Association of body mass index with lifetime risk of cardiovascular disease and compression of morbidity. JAMA Cardiol. 2018;3:280-7. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2018.0022.

276. Thomopoulos C, Parati G, Zanchetti A. Effects of blood pressure lowering on outcome incidence in hypertension. 1. Overview, meta-analyses, and metaregression analyses of randomized trials. J Hypertens. 2014;32:2285-95.

277. SPRINT Research Group, Wright JT, Jr, Williamson JD, Whelton PK, et al. A randomized trial of intensive versus standard blood-pressure control. N Engl J Med. 2015;373:2103-16.

278. Ettehad D, Emdin CA, Kiran A, et al. Blood pressure lowering for prevention of cardiovascular disease and death: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet. 2016;387:957-67. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(15)01225-8.

279. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Lancet. 1998;352:837-53. Erratum in Lancet 1999 Aug 14;354(9178):602.

280. Baumeister H, Hutter N, Bengel J. Psychological and pharmacological interventions for depression in patients with coronary artery disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011(9):CD008012.

281. Rutledge T, Redwine LS, Linke SE, Mills PJ. A meta-analysis of mental health treatments and cardiac rehabilitation for improving clinical outcomes and depression among patients with coronary heart disease. Psychosom Med. 2013;75:335-49. doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e318291d798.

282. Richards SH, Anderson L, Jenkinson CE, et al. Psychological interventions for coronary heart disease: Cochrane systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2018;25:247-59.

283. Thom S, Poulter N, Field J, et al., UMPIRE Collaborative Group. Effects of a fixed-dose combination strategy on adherence and risk factors in patients with or at high risk of CVD: the UMPIRE randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 2013;310:918-29.

284. Castellano JM, Sanz G, Penalvo JL, et al. A polypill strategy to improve adherence: results from the FOCUS project. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;64:2071-82. doi:10.1016/j.jacc.2014.08.021.

285. Gurfinkel E, Leon de la Fuente R, Mendiz O, Mautner B. Flu vaccination in acute coronary syndromes and planned percutaneous coronary interventions (FLUVACS) study. Eur Heart J. 2004;25:25-31.

286. Ciczewski A, Bilinska ZT, Brydak LB, et al. Influenza vaccination in secondary prevention from coronary ischaemic events in coronary artery disease: FLUCAD Study. Eur Heart J 2008;29:1350-8. doi:10.1093/eurheartj/ehm581.

287. Clar C, Oseni Z, Flowers N, et al. Influenza vaccines for preventing cardiovascular disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015(5):CD005050.

288. Caldeira D, Costa J, Vaz-Carneiro A. [Analysis of the Cochrane Review: Influenza Vaccines for Preventing Cardiovascular Disease. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2015;5:CD005050]. Acta Med Port. 2015;28:424-6.

289. MacIntyre CR, Mahimbo A, Moa AM, Barnes M. Influenza vaccine as a coronary intervention for prevention of myocardial infarction. Heart. 2016;102:1953-6.

290. Caldeira D, Ferreira JJ, Costa J. Influenza vaccination and prevention of cardiovascular disease mortality. Lancet. 2018;391:426-7.

291. Al-Khatib SM, Hellkamp AS, Lee KL, et al. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in patients with prior coronary revascularization in the Sudden Cardiac Death in HEart Failure Trial (SCD-HEFT). J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2008;19:1059-65. doi:10.1111/j.1540-8167.2008.01191.x.

292. Barsheshet A, Goldenberg I, Moss AJ, et al. Effect of elapsed time from coronary revascularization to implantation of a cardioverter defibrillator on long-term survival in the MADIT-II trial. J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol. 2011;22:1237-42.

293. Slater DK, Hlatky MA, Mark DB, et al. Outcome in suspected acute myocardial infarction with normal or minimally abnormal admission electrocardiographic findings. Am Journal Cardiol. 1987;60:766-70.

294. Lev EI, Battler A, Behar S, et al. Frequency, characteristics, and outcome of patients hospitalized with acute coronary syndromes with undetermined electrocardiographic patterns. American Journal Cardiol. 2003;91:224-7.

295. Schellings DA, Adiyaman A, Giannitsis E, et al. Early discharge after primary percutaneous coronary intervention: the added value of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide to the Zwolle Risk Score. J Am Heart Assoc. 2014;3(6):e001089. doi:10.1161/JAHA.114.001089.

296. Tralhao A, Ferreira A, Madeira S, et al. Applicability of the Zwolle risk score for safe early discharge after primary percutaneous coronary intervention in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction. Rev Port Cardiol. 2015;34(9):535-41.

297. Ganovska E, Arrigo M, Helanova K, et al. Natriuretic peptides in addition to Zwolle score to enhance safe and early discharge after acute myocardial infarction: a prospective observational cohort study. Int J Cardiol. 2016;215:527-31. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.04.148.

298. Banga S, Gumm DC, Kizhakekuttu TJ, et al. Left ventricular ejection fraction along with Zwolle risk score for risk stratification to enhance safe and early discharge in STEMI patients undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a retrospective observational study. Cureus. 2019;11(7):e5272.

299. McNamara RL, Kennedy KF, Cohen DJ, et al. Predicting In-Hospital Mortality inPatients With Acute Myocardial Infarction. JACC. 2016;68:626-35.

300. Mathews R, Peterson E, Chen AY, et al. In-Hospital Major Bleeding During ST-Elevation and Non-STElevation Myocardial Infarction Care: Derivation and Validation of a Model from the ACTION Registry®-GWTG™. Am J Cardiol. 2011;107:1136-43.

301. Goyal A, Spertus JA, Gosch K, et al. Serum potassium levels and mortality in acute myocardial infarction. JAMA. 2012;307:157-64.

302. Combining thrombolysis with the platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor lamifiban: results of the Platelet Aggregation Receptor Antagonist Dose Investigation and Reperfusion Gain in Myocardial Infarction (PARADIGM) trial. JACC. 1998;32:2003-10. doi:10.1016/s0735-1097(98)00474-4.

303. Ohman EM, Kleiman NS, Gacioch G, et al; IMPACT-AMI Investigators. Combined accelerated tissue-plasminogen activator and platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa integrin receptor blockade with Integrilin in acute myocardial infarction: results of a randomized, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging trial. Circulation. 1997;95:846-54.

304. Roberts R. Intravenous Nitroglycerin in Acute Myocardial Infarction. Am J Med. 1983;74(6B):45-52. doi:10.1016/0002-9343(83)90854-9.

305. Alajaji WA, Akl EA, Farha A, et al. Surgical versus medical management of patients with acute ischemic mitral regurgitation: a systematic review. BMC Res Notes. 2015;8:712. doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1704-9.

306. Grines CL, Marsalese DL, Brodie B, et al. Safety and costeffectiveness of early discharge after primary angioplasty in low risk patients with acute myocardial infarction. PAMI-II Investigators. Primary Angioplasty in Myocardial Infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;31:967-72.

307. Azzalini L, Sole E, Sans J, et al. Feasibility and safety of an early discharge strategy after low-risk acute myocardial infarction treated with primary percutaneous coronary intervention: the EDAMI pilot trial. Cardiology. 2015;130:120-9.

308. Melberg T, Jorgensen M, Orn S, et al. Safety and health status following early discharge in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with primary PCI: a randomized trial. Eur J Prev Cardiol. 2015;22:1427-34. doi:10.1177/2047487314559276.

309. Noman A, Zaman AG, Schechter C, et al. Early discharge after primary percutaneous coronary intervention for ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J Acute Cardiovasc Care. 2013;2:262-9.

310. Jones DA, Rathod KS, Howard JP, et al. Safety and feasibility of hospital discharge 2 days following primary percutaneous intervention for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction. Heart. 2012;98:1722-7. doi:10.1136/heartjnl-2012-302414.

311. Приказ Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации от 15 ноября 2012 г. №918н “Об утверждении Порядка оказания медицинской помощи больным с сердечно-сосудистыми заболеваниями” (с изменениями и дополнениями от 22 февраля 2019 г.).

312. Приказ Министерства здравоохранения РФ от 29 марта 2019 г. №173н “Об утверждении порядка проведения диспансерного наблюдения за взрослыми».

313. Paul GK, Sen B, Bari MA, et al. Correlation of Platelet Count and Acute ST-elevation in Myocardial Infarction. Mymensingh Med J. 2010;19(3):469-73.

314. Ghaffari S, Pourafkari L, Sepehrvand N, et al. Red Cell Distribution Width Is a Predictor of ST Resolution and Clinical Outcome Following Thrombolysis in Acute ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction. Thromb Res. 2016;140:1-6.

315. Cecchi E, Liotta A, Gori A, et al. Comparison of Hemorheological Variables in ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction Versus Those in non-ST-elevation Myocardial Infarction or Unstable Angina Pectoris. Am J Cardiol. 2008;102(2):125-8. doi:10.1016/j.amjcard.2008.03.026.

316. Charvat J, Kuruvilla T, al Amad H. Beneficial Effect of Intravenous Nitroglycerin in Patients With non-Q Myocardial Infarction. Cardiologia. 1990;35(1):49-54.

3.1. Медикаментозное лечение

3.1.1. Обезболивание и устранение беспокойства

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций I (Уровень достоверности
доказательств С).

Комментарии: Если ангинозный приступ не ослабевает через несколько
минут после прекращения действия провоцирующего фактора (физическая
нагрузка) или если он развился в покое, больному следует принять
нитроглицерин^** в дозе 0,4-0,5 мг в виде таблеток под язык или аэрозоля
(спрея). Если симптомы не исчезают через 5 мин, а препарат
удовлетворительно переносится, рекомендуется использовать его повторно.
Если боль в грудной клетке или дискомфорт, расцениваемый как ее
эквивалент, сохраняются в течение 5 мин после повторного приема
нитроглицерина, необходимо немедленно вызвать СМП и снова принять
нитроглицерин. Исключение может быть сделано только для случаев, когда
для купирования ангинозного приступа у данного больного обычно требуется
прием нескольких доз нитроглицерина и при условии, что выраженность и
продолжительность болевого синдрома не изменились.

Помимо обезболивания морфин способствует уменьшению страха,
возбуждения, снижает симпатическую активность, увеличивает тонус
блуждающего нерва, уменьшает работу дыхания, вызывает расширение
периферических артерий и вен (последнее особенно важно при отеке
легких). Доза, необходимая для адекватного обезболивания, зависит от
индивидуальной чувствительности, возраста, размеров тела. Перед
использованием 10 мг морфина гидрохлорида или сульфата разводят как
минимум в 10 мл 0,9% раствора хлорида натрия или дистиллированной воды.
Первоначально следует ввести в/в медленно 2-4 мг лекарственного
вещества. При необходимости введение повторяют каждые 5-15 мин по
2-4 мг до купирования боли или возникновения побочных
эффектов, не позволяющих увеличить дозу. Применять лекарственные
средства для профилактики осложнений наркотических анальгетиков не
следует.

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций IIa (Уровень достоверности
доказательств С).

Комментарии: Для уменьшения страха обычно достаточно создать
спокойную обстановку и ввести наркотический анальгетик. При выраженном
возбуждении могут потребоваться транквилизаторы (например, диазепам^**
в/в 2,5-10 мг). Важное значение для эмоционального комфорта больного
имеет соответствующий стиль поведения персонала, разъяснение диагноза,
прогноза и плана лечения. У больных с сохраняющимся беспокойством и
нарушенным поведением, а также симптомами отмены при никотиновой
зависимости разумно использовать транквилизаторы (минимальные дозы
производных бензодиазепина на ограниченный период времени). При тяжелых
симптомах, связанных с отменой никотина, может потребоваться
заместительная терапия. При возбуждении и делирии достаточно эффективно
и безопасно в/в введение галоперидола^**. Изменение восприятия, особенно
после введения фибринолитика, подозрительно в отношении внутричерепного
кровоизлияния, которое следует исключить до применения седативных
препаратов.

3.1.2. Неантитромботическое лечение

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций I (Уровень достоверности
доказательств С).

Комментарии: У больных без выраженной гипоксемии обычно достаточно
дыхания кислородом через носовые катетеры со скоростью 2-8 л/мин. При
тяжелой СН, отеке легких или механических осложнениях ИМпST для
коррекции выраженной гипоксемии могут потребоваться различные способы
поддержки дыхания, включая интубацию трахеи с ИВЛ. Убедительных
свидетельств пользы от применения кислорода у больных с неосложненным
ИМпST нет.

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций IIa (Уровень достоверности
доказательств С).

Комментарии: Критерий адекватно подобранной скорости введения
(дозировки) при в/в инфузии нитратов – уровень систолического АД,
который может быть снижен на 10-15% у нормотоников и на 25-30% у лиц с
АГ, но не ниже 100 мм рт. ст. Обычная начальная скорость введения
нитроглицерин^**а 10 мкг/мин. При ее неэффективности скорость инфузии
увеличивается на 10-15 мкг/мин каждые 5-10 мин, пока не будет достигнут
желаемый эффект. Если достичь целевого уровня снижения АД не удается,
даже увеличив скорость инфузии нитроглицерина^** до 200 мкг/мин, от
введения препарата следует отказаться. Убедительных свидетельств в
пользу применения нитратов при неосложненном течении ИМпST нет. Если
артериальная гипотония препятствует применению надлежащих доз
бета-адреноблокаторов или иАПФ, от применения нитратов можно
отказаться.

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций IIa (Уровень достоверности
доказательств В).

Комментарии: В ранние сроки ИМпST важнейшее значение имеет выбор
приемлемой дозы препарата, которая не должна быть слишком большой при
опасности возникновения осложнений (прежде всего – наличии СН). О
достаточности дозы обычно судят по желаемой ЧСС. Она не должна быть ниже
44-46 ударов в 1 мин в ночные часы в покое. Абсолютные противопоказания
к использованию бета-адреноблокаторов при ИМпST: кардиогенный шок,
тяжелая обструктивная болезнь легких в стадии обострения,
атриовентрикулярная (АВ) блокада II-III ст. у больных без
функционирующего искусственного водителя ритма сердца, аллергия.
Относительные противопоказания: клинические проявления СН, свидетельства
наличия низкого сердечного выброса, систолическое АД <100 мм рт. ст.,
ЧСС <60 ударов в 1 мин, удлинение интервала PQ >0,24 сек, обструктивная
болезнь легких в анамнезе, наличие факторов риска возникновения
кардиогенного шока. У больных с существенным нарушением сократимости ЛЖ
начинать лечение следует с минимальных доз бета-адреноблокаторов. При
наличии упорной тахикардии до начала использования β-адреноблокаторов
желательно выполнить ЭхоКГ. При наличии противопоказаний к
бета-адреноблокаторам в ранние сроки ИМпST возможность их назначения
следует регулярно переоценивать. Титрование дозы препаратов для приема
внутрь разумно начать через 24-48 ч после исчезновения выраженной
брадикардии, артериальной гипотензии, выраженной СН, АВ блокады.

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций I (Уровень достоверности
доказательств А).

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций IIa (Уровень достоверности
доказательств В).

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций III (Уровень достоверности
доказательств В).

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций IIb (Уровень достоверности
доказательств B).

Комментарии: Широкое применение блокаторов кальциевых каналов при
ИМпST скорее ухудшает исходы заболевания и поэтому не рекомендуется.
Верапамил или дилтиазем могут использоваться только в отсутствие
симптомов СН, существенной сократительной дисфункции ЛЖ, нарушений
синоатриальной и АВ проводимости и брадиаритмий. Если контролировать
стенокардию или АГ другими средствами не удается, возможно применение
длительно действующих производных дигидропиридина в дополнение к
бета-адреноблокаторам.

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций I (Уровень достоверности
доказательств А).

Комментарии: Общий принцип лечения – постепенно увеличивать
(титровать) дозу до рекомендуемой (целевой), которая по данным
клинических исследований обеспечивает положительное влияние на прогноз,
а если это невозможно, до максимально переносимой (Приложение Г7).
Противопоказания для начала использования ингибиторов АПФ: систолическое
АД <100 мм рт. ст., выраженная почечная недостаточность, гиперкалиемия,
двусторонний стеноз почечных артерий, беременность, индивидуальная
непереносимость.

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций IIa (Уровень достоверности
доказательств А).

Комментарии: Начальная доза валсартана составляет 20 мг/сут; при
хорошей переносимости дозу препарата постепенно увеличивают вплоть до
160 мг 2 раза в сутки.

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций I (Уровень достоверности
доказательств В).

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций I (Уровень достоверности
доказательств В).

Комментарии: В большинстве случаев титрование дозы можно начать на
3-14 сутки заболевания при условии, что уровень креатинина в крови у
мужчин составлял <2,5 мг/дл (220 мкмоль/л), <2,0 мг/дл (177 мкмоль/л) у
женщин, а уровень калия в крови <5 ммоль/л. Альтернативой эплеренону
может быть спиронолактон^**.

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций IIa (Уровень достоверности
доказательств С).

Комментарии: Введение «поляризующих смесей», содержащих глюкозу,
калий и инсулин, а также солей магния больным без гипомагниемии, не
приносит пользы и не рекомендуется.

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций I (Уровень достоверности
доказательств С).

Уровень убедительности рекомендацийI (Уровень достоверности
доказательств А).

Уровень убедительности рекомендацийIIa (Уровень достоверности
доказательств В).

3.1.3. Антитромботическая терапия

Уровень убедительности рекомендацийI (Уровень достоверности
доказательств А).

Комментарии: Для достижения быстрого эффекта рекомендуется
однократная нагрузочная доза АСК^** 250 мг. Для тех, кто не может
проглотить таблетку, возможно внутривенное введение 150 мг АСК^** (эта
доза эквивалентна 300 мг, даннымper os).

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций I (Уровень достоверности
доказательств А).

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций I (Уровень достоверности
доказательств В).

Комментарии: Перейти на прием тикагрелора (дать нагрузочную дозу)
можно и у больных, получивших клопидогрел. Прием тикагрелора не
исключает возможность применение блокаторов ГП IIb/IIIa при выполнении
ЧКВ.  При одновременном применении АСК и тикагрелора перед операцией КШ
и другими крупными хирургическими вмешательствами тикагрелор следует
отменить за 5-7 суток, кроме случаев, когда опасность отказа от срочного
вмешательства превосходит риск повышенной кровопотери.

Уровень убедительности рекомендацийI (Уровень достоверности
доказательств А).

Комментарии: Обычная величина нагрузочной дозы составляет 300 мг; при
планирующемся первичном ЧКВ ее следует увеличить до 600 мг.
Оправданность применения нагрузочной дозы у лиц старше 75 лет, которым
не предполагается проведение первичного ЧКВ, не установлена
(рекомендуемая величина первой дозы клопидогрела^** в этих случаях – 75
мг). При одновременном применении АСК и клопидогрела^** перед операцией
КШ и другими крупными хирургическими вмешательствами клопидогрел^**
следует отменить за 5-7 суток, кроме случаев, когда опасность отказа от
срочного вмешательства превосходит риск повышенной кровопотери.
Клопидогрел^** может использоваться вместо АСК, когда ее применение
невозможно из-за аллергии или выраженных желудочно-кишечных расстройств
в ответ на прием препарата.

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций I (Уровень достоверности
доказательств С).

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций IIb (Уровень достоверности
доказательств А).

Комментарии: Имеются указания, что у больных высокого риска,
переживших первый год лечения без осложнений, продление ДАТТ (сочетание
АСК^** с тикагрелором в дозе 60 мг 2 раза в сутки или клопидогрелом^** в
дозе 75 мг 1 раз в сутки) более 1 года существенно снижает количество
ишемических событий. Однако при этом отмечено достоверное увеличение
частоты крупных кровотечений.

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций I (Уровень достоверности
доказательств С).

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций IIb (Уровень достоверности
доказательств B).

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций I (Уровень достоверности
доказательств В).

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций IIa (Уровень достоверности
доказательств C).

Комментарии: Одно из оснований для введения ингибиторы ГП
IIb/IIIa-рецепторов тромбоцитов- отсутствиеуверенности, что к
началу проведения ЧКВ удастся добиться нужного антиагрегантного действия
с помощью ДАТТ. Основным осложнением, ограничивающим применение
ингибиторы ГПIIb/IIIa-рецепторов тромбоцитов, являются кровотечения.
Факторы, способствующие передозировке препаратов,— пожилой возраст,
женский пол, почечная недостаточность, малая масса тела, сахарный диабет
и ХСН. Применение ингибиторов ГПIIb/IIIa-рецепторов тромбоцитов может
вызывать тромбоцитопению. Ингибиторы ГПIIb/IIIa-рецепторов
тромбоцитов должны использоваться вместе с антиагрегантами и
антикоагулянтами.

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций I (Уровень достоверности
доказательств А).

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций I (Уровень достоверности
доказательств В).

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций I (Уровень достоверности
доказательств C).

Комментарии: Во время ЧКВ НФГ вводят в/в болюсами, добиваясь
поддержания определенных значений активированного времени свертывания
крови АВС, в остальных случаях показана в/в инфузия под контролем
активированного частичного тромбопластинового времени (АЧТВ). При
отсутствии необходимости в применении более высоких доз антикоагулянтов,
возможно подкожное введение низких доз НФГ^** для профилактики венозного
тромбоза и тромбоэмболии легочных артерий (приложение Г7).

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций I (Уровень достоверности
доказательств А).

Комментарии: Дозы препарата при его использовании в разных
клинических ситуациях приведены в приложении Г7.

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций I (Уровень достоверности
доказательств А).

Комментарии: Дозы препарата при его использовании в разных
клинических ситуациях приведены в приложении Г7.

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций III (Уровень достоверности
доказательств В).

Комментарии: Если ЧКВ выполняется у больных, получающих фондапаринкус
натрия, во время процедуры необходимо вводить обычные дозы НФГ^**.

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций I (Уровень достоверности
доказательств В).

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций I (Уровень достоверности
доказательств С).

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций IIb (Уровень достоверности
доказательств В).

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций I (Уровень достоверности
доказательств С).

Комментарии: Тройная антитромботическая терапия приводит к
существенному увеличению риска кровотечений, поэтому ее длительность
должна быть максимально сокращена. У больных с ФП для оценки
риска инсульта и кровотечений рекомендуется использовать шкалы
CHA₂DS₂-VAScиHAS-BLED.Доза антагонистов витамина К в
составе тройной антитромботической терапии должна быть минимально
эффективной (МНО 2,0-2,5). Применение пероральных антикоагулянтов
прямого действия после ОКС малоизучено и их нельзя использовать у
больных с механическими протезами клапанов сердца и при гемодинамически
значимом митральном стенозе. Для защиты желудка при назначении тройной
терапии разумно использовать ингибиторы протонного насоса. Алгоритм
выбора антитромботической терапии у больных с ИМпST и фибрилляцией
предсердий представлен в Приложении Г8.

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций IIa (Уровень достоверности
доказательств В).

Комментарии: При тромбе в полости ЛЖ пероральные антикоагулянты
прямого действия не изучены, поэтому препаратами выбора должны
оставаться антагонисты витамина К.

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций III (Уровень достоверности
доказательств C).

Уровень убедительности рекомендацийI (Уровень достоверности
доказательств C).

Комментарии: Алгоритм выбора антитромботической терапии у больных с
ИМпST и фибрилляцией предсердий представлен в Приложении Г8.

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций IIa (Уровень достоверности
доказательств C).

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций IIb (Уровень достоверности
доказательств В).

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций IIa (Уровень достоверности
доказательств C).

Комментарии: У больных, получающих антагонисты витамина К, при более
высоких значениях МНО парентерального введения антикоагулянты во время
ЧКВ не требуется.

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций I (Уровень достоверности
доказательств A).

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций IIa (Уровень достоверности
доказательств B).

Уровень убедительности рекомендаций IIa (Уровень достоверности
доказательств C).

3.2. Хирургическое лечение

Дата публикации 13 ноября 2019Обновлено 3 августа 2021

Определение болезни. Причины заболевания

Симптомы инфаркта миокарда

Патогенез инфаркта миокарда

Классификация и стадии развития инфаркта миокарда

Осложнения инфаркта миокарда

Диагностика инфаркта миокарда

Лечение инфаркта миокарда

Прогноз. Профилактика