Perkins 1104c 44t руководство по ремонту

4

Foreword

Foreword

Literature Information

This manual contains safety, operation instructions,

lubrication and maintenance information. This manual should be stored in or near the engine area in a

literature holder or literature storage area. Read, study and keep it with the literature and engine information.

English is the primary language for all Perkins publications. The English used facilitates translation and consistency.

Some photographs or illustrations in this manual show details or attachments that may be different from your engine. Guards and covers may have been removed for illustrative purposes. Continuing improvement and advancement of product design may have caused changes to your engine which are not included in this manual. Whenever a question arises regarding your engine, or this manual, please consult with your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor for the latest available information.

Safety

This safety section lists basic safety precautions. In addition, this section identifies hazardous, warning

situations. Read and understand the basic precautions listed in the safety section before

operating or performing lubrication, maintenance and repair on this product.

Operation

Operating techniques outlined in this manual are basic. They assist with developing the skills and techniques required to operate the engine more efficiently and economically. Skill and techniques develop as the operator gains knowledge of the engine and its capabilities.

The operation section is a reference for operators. Photographs and illustrations guide the operator through procedures of inspecting, starting, operating and stopping the engine. This section also includes a discussion of electronic diagnostic information.

Maintenance

The maintenance section is a guide to engine care. The illustrated, step-by-step instructions are grouped by service hours and/or calendar time maintenance

intervals. Items in the maintenance schedule are referenced to detailed instructions that follow.

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Recommended service should be performed at the appropriate intervals as indicated in the Maintenance Interval Schedule. The actual operating environment of the engine also governs the Maintenance Interval Schedule. Therefore, under extremely severe, dusty, wet or freezing cold operating conditions, more frequent lubrication and maintenance than is specified in the Maintenance Interval Schedule may be necessary.

The maintenance schedule items are organized for a preventive maintenance management program. If the preventive maintenance program is followed, a periodic tune-up is not required. The implementation of a preventive maintenance management program should minimize operating costs through cost avoidances resulting from reductions in unscheduled downtime and failures.

Maintenance Intervals

Perform maintenance on items at multiples of the original requirement. We recommend that the maintenance schedules be reproduced and displayed near the engine as a convenient reminder. We also

recommend that a maintenance record be maintained as part of the engine’s permanent record.

Your authorized Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor can assist you in adjusting your maintenance schedule to meet the needs of your operating environment.

Overhaul

Major engine overhaul details are not covered in the Operation and Maintenance Manual except for the

interval and the maintenance items in that interval. Major repairs should only be carried out by Perkins

authorized personnel. Your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor offers a variety of options regarding overhaul programs. If you experience a major engine failure, there are also numerous after failure overhaul options available. Consult with your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor for information regarding these options.

California Proposition 65 Warning

Diesel engine exhaust and some of its constituents

are known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, and other reproductive harm. Battery

posts, terminals and related accessories contain lead and lead compounds. Wash hands after handling.

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Safety Section

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Safety Messages

There may be several specific warning signs on an engine. The exact location of the hazards and the description of the hazards are reviewed in this section. Become familiar with all warning signs.

Ensure that all of the warning signs are legible. Clean the warning signs or replace the warning signs if the words cannot be read or if the pictures are not visible. When the warning signs are cleaned, use a cloth, water, and soap. Do not use solvent, gasoline, or other harsh chemicals to clean the warning signs. Solvents, gasoline, or harsh chemicals could loosen the adhesive that secures the warning signs. The warning signs that are loosened could drop off the engine.

Replace any damaged warning signs or missing warning signs. If a warning sign is attached to a part of the engine that is replaced, install a new warning sign on the replacement part. Perkins dealers or Perkins distributors can provide new warning signs.

Do not work on the engine and do not operate the engine unless the instructions and warnings in the Operation and Maintenance Manual are understood. Correct care is your responsibility. Failure to follow the instructions or failure to heed the warnings could result in injury or in death.

(1) Universal Warning

Do not operate or work on this equipment unless you have read and understand the instructions and warnings in the Operation and Maintenance Manuals. Failure to follow the instructions or heed the warnings could result in serious injury or death.

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Safety Section

Safety Messages

Typical example

The Universal Warning label (1) will be located on the valve mechanism cover. Refer to illustration 2 .

Note: The location of this label will depend on the application of the engine.

Typical example of a four cylinder engine

(2) Ether

Wear a hard hat, protective glasses, and other protective equipment, as required.

Do not wear loose clothing or jewelry that can snag on controls or on other parts of the engine.

Make sure that all protective guards and all covers are secured in place on the engine.

Keep the engine free from foreign material. Remove

debris, oil, tools, and other items from the deck, from walkways, and from steps.

Never put maintenance fluids into glass containers. Drain all liquids into a suitable container.

Obey all local regulations for the disposal of liquids.

Use all cleaning solutions with care.

Report all necessary repairs.

Do not allow unauthorized personnel on the equipment.

Disconnect the batteries when maintenance is performed or when the electrical system is serviced.

Disconnect the battery ground leads. Tape the leads in order to help prevent sparks. If equipped, allow the diesel exhaust fluid to be purged before disconnecting the battery.

Perform maintenance on the engine with the equipment in the servicing position. Refer to the OEM information for the procedure for placing the equipment in the servicing position.

Do not attempt any repairs that are not understood. Use the proper tools. Replace any equipment that is damaged or repair the equipment.

For initial start-up of a new engine or for starting an engine that has been serviced, make provisions to stop the engine if an overspeed occurs. The stopping of the engine may be accomplished by shutting off the fuel supply and/or the air supply to the engine. Ensure that only the fuel supply line is shut off. Ensure that the fuel return line is open.

Start the engine from the operators station (cab). Never short across the starting motor terminals or the batteries. This action could bypass the engine neutral start system and/or the electrical system could be damaged.

Engine exhaust contains products of combustion which may be harmful to your health. Always start the engine and operate the engine in a ventilated area. If the engine is in an enclosed area, vent the engine exhaust to the outside.

Use caution when cover plates are removed. Gradually loosen, but do not remove the last two bolts or nuts that are located at opposite ends of the cover plate or the device. Before removing the last two bolts or nuts, pry the cover loose in order to relieve any spring pressure or other pressure.

Pressure Air and Water

Pressurized air and/or water can cause debris and/or hot water to be blown out. This action could result in personal injury.

The direct application of pressurized air or pressurized water to the body could result in personal injury.

When pressurized air and/or water is used for cleaning, wear protective clothing, protective shoes, and eye protection. Eye protection includes goggles or a protective face shield.

The maximum air pressure for cleaning purposes must be below 205 kPa (30 psi). The maximum water pressure for cleaning purposes must be below

275 kPa (40 psi).

Fluid Penetration

Pressure can be trapped in the hydraulic circuit long after the engine has been stopped. The pressure can cause hydraulic fluid or items such as pipe plugs to escape rapidly if the pressure is not relieved correctly.

Do not remove any hydraulic components or parts until pressure has been relieved or personal injury may occur. Do not disassemble any hydraulic components or parts until pressure has been relieved or personal injury may occur. Refer to the OEM information for any procedures that are required to relieve the hydraulic pressure.

Always use a board or cardboard when you check for a leak. Leaking fluid that is under pressure can penetrate body tissue. Fluid penetration can cause serious injury and possible death. A pin hole leak can cause severe injury. If fluid is injected into your skin, you must get treatment immediately. Seek treatment from a doctor that is familiar with this type of injury.

Containing Fluid Spillage

Care must be taken in order to ensure that fluids are contained during performance of inspection,

maintenance, testing, adjusting, and repair of the engine. Make provision to collect the fluid with a suitable container before any compartment is opened or before any component is disassembled.

•Only use the tools that are suitable for collecting fluids and equipment that is suitable for collecting fluids.

•Only use the tools that are suitable for containing fluids and equipment that is suitable for containing fluids.

Obey all local regulations for the disposal of liquids.

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Burn Prevention

Do not touch any part of an operating engine. Allow the engine to cool before any maintenance is performed on the engine. Relieve all pressure in the air system, in the hydraulic system, in the lubrication system, in the fuel system, or in the cooling system before any lines, fittings, or related items are disconnected.

Coolant

When the engine is at operating temperature, the engine coolant is hot. The coolant is also under pressure. The radiator and all lines to the heaters or to the engine contain hot coolant.

Any contact with hot coolant or with steam can cause severe burns. Allow cooling system components to cool before the cooling system is drained.

Check that the coolant level after the engine has stopped and the engine has been allowed to cool.

Ensure that the filler cap is cool before removing the filler cap. The filler cap must be cool enough to touch with a bare hand. Remove the filler cap slowly in order to relieve pressure.

Cooling system conditioner contains alkali. Alkali can cause personal injury. Do not allow alkali to contact the skin, the eyes, or the mouth.

Oils

Skin may be irritated following repeated or prolonged exposure to mineral and synthetic base oils. Refer to your suppliers Material Safety Data Sheets for detailed information. Hot oil and lubricating components can cause personal injury. Do not allow hot oil to contact the skin. Appropriate personal protective equipment should be used.

Diesel Fuel

Diesel may be irritating to the eyes, respiratory system, and skin. Prolonged exposure to diesel may cause various skin conditions. Appropriate personal protective equipment should be used. Refer to supplier Material safety Data sheets for detailed information.

Batteries

Electrolyte is an acid. Electrolyte can cause personal injury. Do not allow electrolyte to contact the skin or the eyes. Always wear protective glasses for servicing batteries. Wash hands after touching the batteries and connectors. Use of gloves is recommended.

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Fire Prevention and Explosion

Prevention

All fuels, most lubricants, and some coolant mixtures are flammable.

Flammable fluids that are leaking or spilled onto hot surfaces or onto electrical components can cause a fire. Fire may cause personal injury and property damage.

A flash fire may result if the covers for the engine

crankcase are removed within 15 minutes after an emergency shutdown.

Determine whether the engine will be operated in an environment that allows combustible gases to be drawn into the air inlet system. These gases could cause the engine to overspeed. Personal injury, property damage, or engine damage could result.

If the application involves the presence of combustible gases, consult your Perkins dealer and/ or your Perkins distributor for additional information about suitable protection devices.

Remove all flammable combustible materials or conductive materials such as fuel, oil, and debris from the engine. Do not allow any flammable combustible

materials or conductive materials to accumulate on the engine.

Store fuels and lubricants in correctly marked containers away from unauthorized persons. Store oily rags and any flammable materials in protective

containers. Do not smoke in areas that are used for storing flammable materials.

Do not expose the engine to any flame.

Exhaust shields (if equipped) protect hot exhaust components from oil or fuel spray in case of a line, a

tube, or a seal failure. Exhaust shields must be installed correctly.

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Safety Section

Fire Prevention and Explosion Prevention

Do not weld on lines or tanks that contain flammable fluids. Do not flame cut lines or tanks that contain flammable fluid. Clean any such lines or tanks

thoroughly with a nonflammable solvent prior to welding or flame cutting.

Wiring must be kept in good condition. Ensure that all electrical wires are correctly installed and securely attached. Check all electrical wires daily. Repair any wires that are loose or frayed before you operate the engine. Clean all electrical connections and tighten all electrical connections.

Eliminate all wiring that is unattached or unnecessary. Do not use any wires or cables that are smaller than the recommended gauge. Do not bypass any fuses and/or circuit breakers.

Arcing or sparking could cause a fire. Secure connections, recommended wiring, and correctly maintained battery cables will help to prevent arcing or sparking.

Inspect all lines and hoses for wear or for deterioration. The hoses must be correctly routed. The lines and hoses must have adequate support and secure clamps. Tighten all connections to the recommended torque. Leaks can cause fires.

Oil filters and fuel filters must be correctly installed. The filter housings must be tightened to the correct torque.

Use caution when you are refueling an engine. Do not smoke while you are refueling an engine. Do not refuel an engine near open flames or sparks. Always stop the engine before refueling.

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Safety Section

Crushing Prevention and Cutting Prevention

Gases from a battery can explode. Keep any open flames or sparks away from the top of a battery. Do not smoke in battery charging areas.

Never check the battery charge by placing a metal object across the terminal posts. Use a voltmeter or a hydrometer.

Incorrect jumper cable connections can cause an explosion that can result in injury. Refer to the Operation Section of this manual for specific instructions.

Do not charge a frozen battery. This action may cause an explosion.

The batteries must be kept clean. The covers (if equipped) must be kept on the cells. Use the recommended cables, connections, and battery box covers when the engine is operated.

Fire Extinguisher

Make sure that a fire extinguisher is available. Be familiar with the operation of the fire extinguisher. Inspect the fire extinguisher and service the fire extinguisher regularly. Obey the recommendations on the instruction plate.

Ether

Ether is flammable and poisonous.

Do not smoke while you are replacing an ether cylinder or while you are using an ether spray.

Do not store ether cylinders in living areas or in the engine compartment. Do not store ether cylinders in direct sunlight or in temperatures above 49° C (120° F). Keep ether cylinders away from open flames or sparks.

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Lines, Tubes, and Hoses

Do not bend high-pressure lines. Do not strike highpressure lines. Do not install any lines that are bent or damaged. Do not clip any other items to the highpressure lines.

Repair any lines that are loose or damaged. Leaks can cause fires. Consult your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor for repair or for replacement parts.

Check lines, tubes, and hoses carefully. Do not use your bare hand to check for leaks. Use a board or cardboard to check for leaks. Tighten all connections to the recommended torque.

Replace the parts if any of the following conditions are present:

•End fittings are damaged or leaking.

•Outer coverings are chafed or cut.

•Wires are exposed.

•Outer coverings are ballooning.

•Flexible parts of the hoses are kinked.

•Outer covers have embedded armoring.

•End fittings are displaced.

Make sure that all clamps, guards, and heat shields are installed correctly. During engine operation, correct installation will help to prevent vibration, rubbing against other parts, and excessive heat.

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Crushing Prevention and

Cutting Prevention

Support the component correctly when work beneath the component is performed.

Unless other maintenance instructions are provided, never attempt adjustments while the engine is running.

Stay clear of all rotating parts and of all moving parts. Leave the guards in place until maintenance is performed. After the maintenance is performed, reinstall the guards.

Keep objects away from moving fan blades. The fan blades will throw objects or cut objects.

When objects are struck, wear protective glasses in order to avoid injury to the eyes.

Chips or other debris may fly off objects when objects are struck. Before objects are struck, ensure that no one will be injured by flying debris.

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Mounting and Dismounting

Do not climb on the engine. The engine has not been designed with mounting or dismounting locations.

Refer to the OEM for the location of foot and hand holds for your specific application.

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Before Starting Engine

NOTICE

For initial start-up of a new or rebuilt engine, and for start-up of an engine that has been serviced, make provision to shut the engine off should an overspeed occur. This may be accomplished by shutting off the air and/or fuel supply to the engine.

Engine exhaust contains products of combustion which may be harmful to your health. Always start and operate the engine in a well ventilated area and, if in an enclosed area, vent the exhaust to the outside.

Inspect the engine for potential hazards.

Do not start the engine or move any of the controls if there is a “DO NOT OPERATE” warning tag or similar warning tag attached to the start switch or to the controls.

Before starting the engine, ensure that no one is on, underneath, or close to the engine. Ensure that the area is free of personnel.

If equipped, ensure that the lighting system for the engine is suitable for the conditions. Ensure that all lights work properly, if equipped.

All protective guards and all protective covers must be installed if the engine must be started in order to perform service procedures. To help prevent an accident that is caused by parts in rotation, work around the parts carefully.

Do not bypass the automatic shutoff circuits. Do not

disable the automatic shutoff circuits. The circuits are provided in order to help prevent personal injury. The

circuits are also provided in order to help prevent engine damage.

See the Service Manual for repairs and for adjustments.

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Safety Section

Mounting and Dismounting

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Engine Starting

Do not use aerosol types of starting aids such as ether. Such use could result in an explosion and personal injury.

If a warning tag is attached to the engine start switch or to the controls, DO NOTstart the engine or move the controls. Consult with the person that attached the warning tag before the engine is started.

All protective guards and all protective covers must be installed if the engine must be started in order to perform service procedures. To help prevent an accident that is caused by parts in rotation, work around the parts carefully.

Start the engine from the operator’s compartment or from the engine start switch.

Always start the engine according to the procedure that is described in the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Engine Starting” topic in the Operation Section. Knowing the correct procedure will help to prevent major damage to the engine components. Knowing the procedure will also help to prevent personal injury.

To ensure that the jacket water heater (if equipped) and/or the lube oil heater (if equipped) is working correctly, check the water temperature gauge and the oil temperature gauge during the heater operation.

Engine exhaust contains products of combustion which can be harmful to your health. Always start the engine and operate the engine in a well ventilated area. If the engine is started in an enclosed area, vent the engine exhaust to the outside.

Note: The engine is equipped with an automatic device for cold starting for normal conditions of operation. If the engine will be operated in very cold conditions, then an extra cold starting aid may be required. Normally, the engine will be equipped with the correct type of starting aid for your region of operation.

The engines are equipped with a glow plug starting aid in each individual cylinder that heats the intake air in order to improve starting.

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Safety Section

Engine Stopping

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Engine Stopping

Stop the engine according to the procedure in the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Engine Stopping (Operation Section)” in order to avoid overheating of the engine and accelerated wear of the engine components.

Use the Emergency Stop Button (if equipped) ONLY in an emergency situation. Do not use the Emergency Stop Button for normal engine stopping. After an emergency stop, DO NOTstart the engine until the problem that caused the emergency stop has been corrected.

Stop the engine if an overspeed condition occurs during the initial start-up of a new engine or an engine that has been overhauled. This may be accomplished by shutting off the fuel supply to the engine and/or shutting off the air supply to the engine.

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Electrical System

Never disconnect any charging unit circuit or battery circuit cable from the battery when the charging unit is operating. A spark can cause the combustible gases that are produced by some batteries to ignite.

To help prevent sparks from igniting combustible gases that are produced by some batteries, the negative “−” jump start cable should be connected last from the external power source to the negative “−” terminal of the starting motor. If the starting motor is not equipped with a negative “−” terminal, connect the jump start cable to the engine block.

Check the electrical wires daily for wires that are loose or frayed. Tighten all loose electrical wires before the engine is started. Repair all frayed electrical wires before the engine is started. See the Operation and Maintenance Manual for specific starting instructions.

Grounding Practices

Correct grounding for the engine electrical system is necessary for optimum engine performance and reliability. Incorrect grounding will result in uncontrolled electrical circuit paths and in unreliable electrical circuit paths.

Uncontrolled electrical circuit paths can result in damage to main bearings, to crankshaft bearing journal surfaces, and to aluminum components.

Engines that are installed without engine-to-frame ground straps can be damaged by electrical discharge.

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To ensure that the engine and the engine electrical systems function correctly, an engine-to-frame ground strap with a direct path to the battery must be used. This path may be provided by way of a direct engine ground to the frame.

All grounds should be tight and free of corrosion. The engine alternator must be grounded to the negative “-” battery terminal with a wire that is adequate to handle the full charging current of the alternator.

Engine Description

•Turbocharged aftercooled

•Turbocharged

•Naturally aspirated

Engine Specifications

Note: The front end of the engine is opposite the flywheel end of the engine. The left and the right sides of the engine are determined from the flywheel end. The number 1 cylinder is the front cylinder.

A typical example of the layout of the valves

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Table 1

1104 Industrial Engine Specifications

Table 2

1103 Industrial Engine Specifications

Table 3

1104 Constance Speed Specifications

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Model Views

Engine Description

Table 4

1103 Constance Speed Specifications

Engine Cooling and Lubrication

The cooling system consists of the following components:

•Gear-driven centrifugal water pump

•Water temperature regulator which regulates the engine coolant temperature

•Gear-driven oil pump (gear type)

•Oil cooler

The engine lubricating oil is supplied by a gear type pump. The engine lubricating oil is cooled and the engine lubricating oil is filtered. Bypass valves provide unrestricted flow of lubrication oil to the engine parts when oil viscosity is high. Bypass valves can also provide unrestricted flow of lubrication oil to the engine parts if the oil cooler should become plugged or if the oil filter element should become plugged.

Engine efficiency, efficiency of emission controls, and engine performance depend on adherence to proper operation and maintenance recommendations.

Engine performance and efficiency also depend on

the use of recommended fuels, lubrication oils, and coolants. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance

Manual, “Maintenance Interval Schedule” for more information on maintenance items.

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Product Identification

Information

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Engine Identification

Perkins engines are identified by a serial number. This number is shown on a serial number plate that is mounted on the left hand side of the engine block.

An example of an engine number is

RE12345U090001H.

Perkins dealers need these numbers in order to determine the components that were included with

the engine. This permits accurate identification of replacement part numbers.

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Product Identification Information

Engine Identification

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Serial Number Plate

Typical serial number plate

(1)Temporary Parts List number

(2)Type

(3)Serial number

(4)List number

The Serial Number Plate is located on the left side of the cylinder block behind the high pressure pipes of

the Fuel injection pump.

The following information is stamped on the Serial Number Plate: Engine serial number, Model and Arrangement number.

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Reference Numbers

Information for the following items may be needed to order parts. Locate the information for your engine. Record the information in the appropriate space. Make a copy of this list for a record. Keep the information for future reference.

Record for Reference

Engine Model

Engine Serial number

Engine Low Idle rpm

Engine Full Load rpm

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Operation Section

Lifting and Storage

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Engine Lifting

Typical example of the four cylinder lifting eyes

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Operation Section

Engine Lifting

The configuration of the lifting eyes in certain three cylinder applications may be installed as shown in illustration 25 .

(1) Lifting eyes

NOTICE

Never bend the eyebolts and the brackets. Only load the eyebolts and the brackets under tension. Remember that the capacity of an eyebolt is less as the angle between the supporting members and the object becomes less than 90 degrees.

When it is necessary to remove a component at an angle, only use a link bracket that is properly rated for the weight.

Use a hoist to remove heavy components. Use an adjustable lifting beam to lift the engine. All supporting members (chains and cables) should be parallel to each other. The chains and cables should be perpendicular to the top of the object that is being lifted.

Some removals require lifting the fixtures in order to obtain correct balance and safety.

To remove the engine ONLY, use the lifting eyes that are on the engine.

Lifting eyes are designed and installed for specific engine arrangements. Alterations to the lifting eyes and/or the engine make the lifting eyes and the lifting

fixtures obsolete. If alterations are made, ensure that correct lifting devices are provided. Consult your

Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor for information regarding fixtures for correct engine lifting.

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Lifting and Storage

Engine Storage

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Engine Storage

Perkins are not responsible for damage which may occur when an engine is in storage after a period in service.

Your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor can assist in preparing the engine for extended storage periods.

Condition for Storage

The engine must be stored in a water proof building. The building must be kept at a constant temperature. Engines that are filled with Perkins ELC will have coolant protection to an ambient temperature of −36° C (−32.8° F). The engine must not be subjected to extreme variations in temperature and humidity.

Storage Period

An engine can be stored for up to 6 months provided all the recommendation are adhered to.

Storage Procedure

Keep a record of the procedure that has been completed on the engine.

Note: Do not store an engine that has biodiesel in the fuel system.

1.Ensure that the engine is clean and dry.

a.If the engine has been operated using biodiesel, the system must be drained and new filters installed. The fuel tank will require flushing.

b.Fill the fuel system with an acceptable fuel. For more information on acceptable fuels refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fluid recommendations”. Operate the engine for 15 minutes in order to remove all biodiesel from the system.

2.Drain any water from the primary filter water separator. Ensure that the fuel tank is full.

3.The engine oil will not need to be drained in order to store the engine. Provided the correct specification of engine oil is used the engine can be stored for up to 6 months. For the correct specification of engine oil refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fluid recommendations”.

4.Remove the drive belt from the engine.

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Sealed Coolant System

Ensure that the cooling system is filled with Perkins

ELC, or an antifreeze that meets “ASTM D6210” specification.

Open Cooling System

Ensure that all cooling drain plugs have been opened. Allow the coolant to drain. Install the drain plugs. Place a vapor phase inhibitor into the system. The coolant system must be sealed once the vapor phase inhibitor has been introduced. The effect of the vapor phase inhibitor will be lost if the cooling system is open to the atmosphere.

For maintenance procedures refer to this Operation and Maintenance Manual.

Monthly Checks

The crankshaft must be rotated in order to change the spring loading on the valve train. Rotate the crankshaft more than 180 degrees. Visibly check for damage or corrosion to the engine.

Ensure that the engine is covered completely before storage. Log the procedure in the record for the engine.

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Gauges and Indicators

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Gauges and Indicators

Your engine may not have the same gauges or all of the gauges that are described. For more information about the gauge package, see the OEM information.

Gauges provide indications of engine performance. Ensure that the gauges are in good working order. Determine the normal operating range by observing the gauges over a period of time.

Noticeable changes in gauge readings indicate potential gauge or engine problems. Problems may also be indicated by gauge readings that change even if the readings are within specifications. Determine and correct the cause of any significant change in the readings. Consult your Perkins dealer or your Perkins distributor for assistance.

NOTICE

If no oil pressure is indicated, STOP the engine. If maximum coolant temperature is exceeded, STOP the engine. Engine damage can result.

Engine Oil Pressure – The oil pressure should be greatest after a cold engine is started. The typical engine oil pressure

with SAE10W30 is 207 to 413 kPa (30 to 60 psi) at rated rpm.

A lower oil pressure is normal at low idle. If the load is stable and the gauge reading changes, perform the following procedure:

1.Remove the load.

2.Reduce engine speed to low idle.

3.Check and maintain the oil level.

Jacket Water Coolant Temperature – Typical temperature range is 71 to 96°C (160 to 205°F). The maximum allowable

temperature with the pressurized cooling system at 48 kPa (7 psi) is 110°C (230°F). Higher temperatures may occur under certain conditions. The water temperature reading may vary according to load. The reading should never exceed the boiling point for the pressurized system that is being used.

If the engine is operating above the normal range and steam becomes apparent, perform the following procedure:

1. Reduce the load and the engine rpm.

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Gauges and Indicators

Gauges and Indicators

2.Inspect the cooling system for leaks.

3.Determine if the engine must be shut down immediately or if the engine can be cooled by reducing the load.

Tachometer – This gauge indicates engine speed (rpm). When the throttle control lever is moved to the full throttle

position without load, the engine is running at high idle. The engine is running at the full load rpm when the throttle control lever is at the full throttle position with maximum rated load.

NOTICE

To help prevent engine damage, never exceed the high idle rpm. Overspeeding can result in serious damage to the engine. The engine can be operated at high idle without damage, but should never be allowed to exceed high idle rpm.

Ammeter – This gauge indicates the amount of charge or discharge in the battery charging circuit. Operation of the

indicator should be to the right side of ““0”” (zero).

Fuel Level – This gauge indicates the fuel level in the fuel tank. The fuel level gauge operates when the ““START/

STOP”” switch is in the ““ON”” position.

Service Hour Meter – The gauge indicates operating time of the engine.

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Engine Starting

Before Starting Engine

Engine Starting

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Before Starting Engine

Before the engine is started, perform the required daily maintenance and any other periodic maintenance that is due. Refer to the Operation and

Maintenance Manual, “Maintenance Interval Schedule” for more information.

•For the maximum service life of the engine, make a thorough inspection within the engine compartment before the engine is started. Look for the following items: oil leaks, coolant leaks, loose bolts and excessive dirt and/or grease. Remove any excess dirt and/or grease buildup. Repair any faults that were identified during the inspection.

•Inspect the cooling system hoses for cracks and for loose clamps.

•Inspect the alternator and accessory drive belts for cracks, breaks, and other damage.

•Inspect the wiring for loose connections and for worn wires or frayed wires.

•Check the fuel supply. Drain water from the water separator (if equipped). Open the fuel supply valve (if equipped).

NOTICE

All valves in the fuel return line must be open before and during engine operation to help prevent high fuel pressure. High fuel pressure may cause filter housing failure or other damage.

If the engine has not been started for several weeks, fuel may have drained from the fuel system. Air may have entered the filter housing. Also, when fuel filters have been changed, some air pockets will be trapped in the engine. In these instances, prime the fuel system. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Fuel System — Prime” for more information on priming the fuel system.

Engine exhaust contains products of combustion which may be harmful to your health. Always start and operate the engine in a well ventilated area and, if in an enclosed area, vent the exhaust to the outside.

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•Do not start the engine or move any of the controls if there is a “DO NOT OPERATE” warning tag or similar warning tag attached to the start switch or to the controls.

•Ensure that the areas around the rotating parts are clear.

•All of the guards must be put in place. Check for damaged guards or for missing guards. Repair any damaged guards. Replace damaged guards and/ or missing guards.

•Disconnect any battery chargers that are not protected against the high current drain that is created when the electric starting motor is engaged. Check electrical cables and check the battery for poor connections and for corrosion.

•Reset all of the shutoffs or alarm components (if equipped).

•Check the engine lubrication oil level. Maintain the oil level between the “ADD” mark and the “FULL” mark on the engine oil level gauge.

•Check the coolant level. Observe the coolant level in the header tank (if equipped). Maintain the coolant level to the “FULL” mark on the header tank.

•If the engine is not equipped with a header tank maintain the coolant level within 13 mm (0.5 inch) of the bottom of the filler pipe. If the engine is equipped with a sight glass, maintain the coolant level in the sight glass.

•Observe the air cleaner service indicator (if equipped). Service the air cleaner when the yellow diaphragm enters the red zone, or when the red piston locks in the visible position.

•Ensure that any equipment that is driven by the engine has been disengaged from the engine. Minimize electrical loads or remove any electrical loads.

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Starting the Engine

Do not use aerosol types of starting aids such as ether. Such use could result in an explosion and personal injury.

Refer to the OMM for your type of controls. Use the following procedure to start the engine.

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1.If equipped, move the throttle lever to the full throttle position before you start the engine.

NOTICE

Do not crank the engine for more than 30 seconds. Allow the electric starting motor to cool for two minutes before cranking the engine again.

2.Turn the engine start switch to the START position. Hold the engine start switch in the START position and crank the engine.

3.When the engine starts, release the engine start switch.

4.If equipped, slowly move the throttle lever to the low idle position and allow the engine to idle. Refer to the Operation and Maintenance Manual, “After Starting Engine” topic.

5.If the engine does not start, release the engine start switch and allow the electric starting motor to cool. Then, repeat steps 2 through step 4.

6.Turn the engine start switch to the OFF position in order to stop the engine.

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Cold Weather Starting

Do not use aerosol types of starting aids such as ether. Such use could result in an explosion and personal injury.

Startability will be improved at temperatures below −18 °C (0 °F) from the use of a jacket water heater or extra battery capacity.

The following items provide a means of minimizing starting problems and fuel problems in cold weather: engine oil pan heaters, jacket water heaters, fuel heaters and fuel line insulation.

Use the procedure that follows for cold weather starting.

1.If equipped, move the throttle lever to the full throttle position before you start the engine.

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Engine Starting

Cold Weather Starting

2.If equipped, turn the engine start switch to the HEAT position. Hold the engine start switch in the HEAT position for 6 seconds until the glow plug indicator light illuminates. This action will activate the glow plugs and aid in the starting of the engine.

NOTICE

Do not crank the engine for more than 30 seconds. Allow the electric starting motor to cool for two minutes before cranking the engine again.

3.While the glow plug indicator light is illuminated, turn the engine start switch to the START position and crank the engine.

Note: If the glow plug indicator light illuminates rapidly for 2 to 3 seconds, or if the glow plug indicator light fails to illuminate, a malfunction exists in the cold start system. Do not use ether or other starting fluids to start the engine.

4.When the engine starts, release the engine start switch key.

5.If the engine does not start, release the engine start switch and allow the starter motor to cool. Then, repeat steps 2 through step 4.

6.If the engine is equipped with a throttle allow the engine to idle for 3 to 5 minutes, or allow the engine to idle until the water temperature indicator begins to rise. The engine should run at low idle smoothly until speed is gradually increased to high idle. Allow the white smoke to disperse before proceeding with normal operation.

7.Operate the engine at low load until all systems reach operating temperature. Check the gauges during the warm-up period.

8.Turn the engine start switch to the OFF position in order to stop the engine.

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Engine Starting

Starting with Jump Start Cables

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Starting with Jump Start Cables

Improper jump start cable connections can cause an explosion resulting in personal injury.

Prevent sparks near the batteries. Sparks could cause vapors to explode. Do not allow jump start

cable ends to contact each other or the engine.

Note: If it is possible, first diagnose the reason for the starting failure. Make any necessary repairs. If the engine will not start only due to the condition of the battery, either charge the battery, or start the engine with jump start cables.

The condition of the battery can be rechecked after the engine has been switched OFF.

NOTICE

Using a battery source with the same voltage as the electric starting motor. Use ONLY equal voltage for jump starting. The use of higher voltage will damage the electrical system.

Do not reverse the battery cables. The alternator can be damaged. Attach ground cable last and remove first.

When using an external electrical source to start the engine, turn the generator set control switch to the “OFF” position. Turn all electrical accessories OFF before attaching the jump start cables.

Ensure that the main power switch is in the OFF position before attaching the jump start cables to the engine being started.

1.Turn the start switch to the OFF position. Turn off all the engine’s accessories.

2.Connect one positive end of the jump start cable to the positive cable terminal of the discharged battery. Connect the other positive end of the jump start cable to the positive cable terminal of the electrical source.

3.Connect one negative end of the jump start cable to the negative cable terminal of the electrical source. Connect the other negative end of the jump start cable to the engine block or to the chassis ground. This procedure helps to prevent potential sparks from igniting the combustible gases that are produced by some batteries.

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4.Start the engine.

5.Immediately after the stalled engine is started, disconnect the jump start cables in reverse order.

After jump starting, the alternator may not be able to fully recharge batteries that are severely discharged. The batteries must be replaced or charged to the correct voltage with a battery charger after the engine is stopped. Many batteries which are considered unusable are still rechargeable. Refer to Operation and Maintenance Manual, “Battery — Replace” and Testing and Adjusting Manual, “Battery — Test”.

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After Starting Engine

Note: In temperatures from 0 to 60°C (32 to 140°F), the warm-up time is approximately three minutes. In temperatures below 0°C (32°F), additional warm-up time may be required.

When the engine idles during warm-up, observe the following conditions:

•Check for any fluid or for any air leaks at idle rpm and at one-half full rpm (no load on the engine) before operating the engine under load. This is not possible in some applications.

•Operate the engine at low idle until all systems achieve operating temperatures. Check all gauges during the warm-up period.

Note: Gauge readings should be observed and the data should be recorded frequently while the engine is operating. Comparing the data over time will help to determine normal readings for each gauge. Comparing data over time will also help detect abnormal operating developments. Significant changes in the readings should be investigated.