Raster design руководство

AutoCAD Raster Design 2010

User’s Guide

Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction to AutoCAD Raster Design 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . 1

What is New in AutoCAD Raster Design 2010 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Accessing the Raster Design Home Page . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4 About AutoCAD Raster Design dialog box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Installation Requirements . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Supported Image Formats . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Image Portability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6 AutoCAD Raster Design History . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

Chapter 2 Inserting and Correlating Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Inserting Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Inserting Local Images Using the Insert Image Dialog Box . . . . . 10 Inserting an Image from the Internet Using the Insert Image

Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12 Inserting an Image from an FTP Site Using the Insert Image

Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14 Inserting an Image Using the Command Line . . . . . . . . . . . 16 Adding Image Sources to Favorites . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Assigning a Color Map to an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 Creating New Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20

Correlating Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Correlating an Image During Insertion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21 Using Quick Insert . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22

Specifying Correlation Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23 Adjusting the Image Frame Before Insertion . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 Correlating an Image After Insertion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Matching Image Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28 Moving an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29 Scaling an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Rubbersheeting an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Chapter 3 Saving Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Saving an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39 Saving Images with AutoCAD Save . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Embedding Images in a Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42 Saving an Image to Another File Name, Type, or Location . . . . . . . . 43 Saving an Image to an FTP Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 Capturing an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Exporting Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

Exporting an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49 Exporting an Image to an FTP Site . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 Exporting a World File . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52 Correlation Output Types . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54 Encoding and Data Organization Methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

Chapter 4 Changing Image Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57

AutoCAD Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57 Image Display Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Image Display Quality . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58 Image Frame Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59 Image Layer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60 Linetype of an Image Frame . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Foreground Color of a Bitonal Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61 Transparency Color of an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62 Unused Color for Transparent Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63

Chapter 5 Managing Images and Insertions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65

Controlling the Image Manager Toolspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Modifying the Item View Layout . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65 Copying Information to the Clipboard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66 Managing Image Display and Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Zooming to an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67 Changing the Color Map of an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68 Adding a Visual Elevation Key to a DEM Image . . . . . . . . . . 69 Creating Another Insertion of an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70 Displaying Point Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71 Showing and Hiding Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72

Changing the Display Order of Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73 Erasing an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Detaching an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74 Unloading/Reloading an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Changing the Active Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Changing the Saved Path . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76

Chapter 6 Modifying Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79

Selecting an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79 Controlling Image Frames . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Undoing Edits to an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81 Snapping to COGO Points . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82 Cleaning Up Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82

Deskewing an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 Removing Speckles from an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84 Adjusting the Image Bias . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86 Reversing the Light and Dark Shades in an Image . . . . . . . . . 88 Mirroring an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 88 Touching Up an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 89

Image Processing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91 Adjusting Images with the Histogram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 Adjusting the Brightness and Contrast of an Image . . . . . 92 Maximizing Details in an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96 Converting a Color Image to Grayscale . . . . . . . . . . . 98 Converting a Grayscale or Color Image to Bitonal . . . . . 100 Making Tonal Adjustments to an Image . . . . . . . . . . 101 Convolving an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 105 Reducing Harshness and Noise in an Image . . . . . . . . 105 Median Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106 Making Differences in Shading More Distinct . . . . . . . 107 Lowpass Filtering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 108 Highpass Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 109 Edge Enhancements Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Shift and Difference Edge Enhancements Filters . . . . . . 110 Laplace Edge Enhancements Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110 Gradient Directional Edge Enhancements Filters . . . . . . 111 Matched Filter Edge Enhancements Filters . . . . . . . . . 111 Using Bitonal Filters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 Changing Image Density . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Setting the Color Depth for an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . 116

Using the Palette Manager . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Manipulating the Color Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 Changing Selected Colors in the Image Palette . . . . . . . 118 Combining Selected Colors in the Image Palette . . . . . . 120 Designating a Transparent Color . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 121 Selecting a Color Directly from the Image . . . . . . . . . 122

Removing Duplicate Entries from the Image Palette . . . . 123 Resetting the Image Palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 124 Importing and Exporting Image Palettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Importing an Image Palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125 Exporting an Image Palette . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 Displaying Image Palette Information . . . . . . . . . . . 129 Converting Grayscale Images to Paletted Images . . . . . . 130 Controlling Palette Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 131 Controlling the Display of Unused Colors . . . . . . . . . 131 Controlling the Display of Transparent Colors . . . . . . . 132 Controlling the Display of Color Values . . . . . . . . . . 133 Sorting the Color Table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134

Adding and Removing Columns from the List

Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135 Masking Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136 Creating a New Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 137 Creating a New Mask Using the Command Line . . . . . . . . . 138 Changing an Existing Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 Changing the Image Mask Properties . . . . . . . . . . . . 139

Changing an Existing Mask Using the Command

Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 140 Enabling or Disabling a Mask . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Clipping an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 142 Converting a Mask to Image Clips . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143

Cropping Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 Line Cropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Circular Cropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Rectangular Cropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146 Diagonal Cropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Polygonal Cropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147 Aligned Rectangular Cropping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 148

Removing (Rubbing) Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Rubbing a Raster Line . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 149 Rubbing a Raster Arc . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150 Rubbing a Raster Circle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Rubbing Multiple Line Segments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151 Rubbing Raster Data Within a Circular Region . . . . . . . . . . 152 Rubbing Raster Data Within a Diagonal Region . . . . . . . . . 153 Rubbing Raster Data Within a Polygonal Region . . . . . . . . . 154 Rubbing Raster Data Within a Rectangular Region . . . . . . . . 155 Remove Raster Using Existing Vector Geometry . . . . . . . . . 155 Removing Raster Entities Using REM Commands . . . . . . . . . 156

Removing a Line, Arc, or Circle Using Smart Pick . . . . . 157 Removing a REM Line Primitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Removing a REM Arc Primitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 158 Removing a REM Circle Primitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 159

Merging Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Merging Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 160 Merging Vectors into a Raster Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161 Selecting Pen Widths for Vector Merge . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 162

Chapter 7 Raster Entity Manipulation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165

Characteristics of REM Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 166 How REM Objects Are Associated with an Image . . . . . . . . . 166 Deciding Which Image to Use REM Commands On . . . . . . . 166 AutoCAD Properties of REM Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 REM Objects and Non-REM Edits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167

Defining REM Region Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 168 Defining a REM Rectangular Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 169 Defining a REM Polygonal Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 170 Defining a REM Diagonal Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171 Defining a REM Circular Region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 172 Defining a Region From an Existing Vector Object . . . . . . . . 174 Removing Part of a Region Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 175

Defining REM Enhanced Bitonal Regions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 176 Defining REM Primitive Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 178 Defining a REM Line Primitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 Defining a REM Circle Primitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 Defining a REM Arc Primitive . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183 Defining a REM Primitive Using Smart Pick . . . . . . . . . . . . 184 Defining a REM Primitive From Existing Vectors . . . . . . . . . 185 Changing the Linetype of a Primitive Object . . . . . . . . . . . 186 Manipulating REM Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Editing REM Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 187 Resizing a REM Object . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189 Using REM Operations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Trimming and Extending REM Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 Filleting REM Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 192 Offsetting REM Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 193 Smoothing REM Linework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 194 Defining REM Objects Partially Outside the Image . . . . . . . . 195 Using REM to Delete Raster Data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195 Clearing REM Objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 197 Merging REM Objects into an Image . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 198 Converting REM Objects to a New Raster Image . . . . . . . . . 199 Using REM Transparency . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Using REM Copy To Clipboard Command . . . . . . . . . . . . 200 Separating Raster Linework Using Knife . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 201

Chapter 8 Converting Raster Entities to Vector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203

Configuring VTools . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204

ProdNameShort Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Dynamic Input Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 204 Using SmartCorrect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Vectorizing Raster Geometry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 206 Vectorizing Raster Lines and Polylines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 Vectorizing Raster Rectangles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 212 Vectorizing Raster Circles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 213 Vectorizing Raster Arcs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 215 Following Polylines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217 Using the Polyline Follower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 219 Using the Contour Follower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 220 Using the 3D Polyline Follower . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 223 Vectorizing Raster Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 225 Creating Single-Line Vector Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 226 Creating Multiline Vector Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 Using Text Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 230 Entering Settings for Text Recognition . . . . . . . . . . . 230 Recognizing and Converting Text . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 232 Using the Verify Text Window . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 234 View Window Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 Edit Pane Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235

Chapter 9 Raster Snapping . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237

Specifying Raster Snap Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 237 Snap Modes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 238

Chapter 10 Configuring Raster Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241

Changing the Quick Bar Visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241 Changing the Image Frame Visibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Setting the Default Internet Location for Images . . . . . . . . . . . . 242 Setting the Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 Contour Vector Separation Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 244 Correlation Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 245 Correlation Search Paths . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 General Vector Separation Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 249 General VTool Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 250 Image Detach Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 252 Image Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253 Image Mask Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 254 Image Thumbnails . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 255 Inserting Images From GSX or ESP . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 256 Locking Method for Image Files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 258 Message Display Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 259 Mouse Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 260 New Image Defaults . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261

QSave Preference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 262 Raster Design Startup Options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Raster Entity Detection Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 264 REM Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265 Rub and Crop Line Width . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 Remove Under Method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 Vector Merge Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 268 VTools Follower Settings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 270

Appendix A Troubleshooting and Reference Guide . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273 Correcting Image Display Order using REGEN . . . . . . . . . . 273 Raster Snap Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 Plotting Raster Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 Images that are Not Editable . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 274 Problems Inserting Images from the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . 275 Sharing Projects with Images from Different Locations . . . . . . 276

Command-Line Commands . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 276 AutoCAD Commands for Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 285 Image Menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286 Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 Raster Design Toolbar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 288 Raster Entity Manipulation Toolbars . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294 The Quick Bar . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 298

Appendix B Raster Design Dialog Boxes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301

About AutoCAD Raster Design Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Assign Multispectral Band Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Band Assignment Color Map Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 301 Bitonal Filters Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 302 Change Density Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Choose a New Directory Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 303 Choose a Resource File Directory Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 304 Coordinate System Assignment Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305 Data Organization Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Despeckle Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Display Manager Raster Layer Capture Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Drafting Settings Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 308

Raster Snap Tab (Drafting Settings Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . . 309 Edit Status Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 310 Encoding Method Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Export Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311 Export Options Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 313 Export Palette Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 GeoTIFF Coordinate System Properties Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . 315

Grid Parameters Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315 Histogram Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 316 Brightness/Contrast Tab (Histogram Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . 316 Equalize Tab (Histogram Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 318 Threshold Tab (Histogram Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 320 Color to Grayscale Tab (Histogram Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . . 321 Tonal Adjustment Tab (Histogram Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . . 322 Image Data Properties Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Image Filters Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 324 Image Insertion Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Assign Color Map Tab (Image Insertion Dialog Box) . . . . . . . 325 Source Tab (Image Insertion Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 326 Modify Tab (Image Insertion Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . . . . . 327 Insertion Tab (Image Insertion Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . . . . 328 Transform Tab (Image Insertion Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . . . 329 Image Manager Toolspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 330 Image Insertions View (Image Manager Toolspace) . . . . . . . . 331 Image Data View (Image Manager Toolspace) . . . . . . . . . . . 332 Image Select Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335 Import Data Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 336 Import Palette Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337 Insert Image Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 338 Median Filter Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 340 Mirror Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 Multi-frame Select Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 341 New Image Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 342 New Image Mask Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 New Palette Color Insertion Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 344 Palette Assignment Color Map Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Palette Color Map Definition Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345 Palette Information Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 Palette Manager Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 348 Raster Data Query Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 350 Raster Design Options Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 Image Defaults Tab (Raster Design Options Dialog Box) . . . . . 351 Feature Settings Tab (Raster Design Options Dialog Box) . . . . . 352 Image Mask Tab (Raster Design Options Dialog Box) . . . . . . . 353 New Image Tab (Raster Design Options Dialog Box) . . . . . . . 354 Paths Tab (Raster Design Options Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . . 355 REM Tab (Raster Design Options Dialog Box) . . . . . . . . . . . 357

Raster Entity Detection Tab (Raster Design Options Dialog

Box) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 357 User Preferences Tab (Raster Design Options Dialog Box) . . . . 358 Vector Merge Tab (Raster Design Options Dialog Box) . . . . . . 359 VTools Follower Tab (Raster Design Options Dialog Box) . . . . . 360 VTools General Tab (Raster Design Options Dialog Box) . . . . . 362

Raster Pen Settings Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 363 Recognition Character Sets Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 Rubbersheet — Set Control Points Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 364 Save As Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 366 Select a Lock File Directory Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 Select Coordinate System (Export) Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . 368 Select Coordinate System (Insert) Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Select Global Coordinate System Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Select Working Coordinate System Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369 Target Color Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 Temporary File Location Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 370 Text Recognition Setup Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Transparency Color Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373 Vector Separation Options Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 373

General Tab (Vector Separation Options Dialog Box) . . . . . . . 373 Contour Tab (Vector Separation Options Dialog Box) . . . . . . 375 Verify Text/Table Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 376 VText Edit Dialog Box . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379

Glossary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 381

Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403

The AutoCAD Raster Design User’s Guide includes conceptual, procedural, and reference details about the tools and features found in AutoCAD Raster Design 2010.

This chapter provides information to help you get acquainted with Raster Design requirements, capabilities, and history.

What is New in AutoCAD Raster Design 2010

AutoCAD Raster Design 2010 builds on the features introduced in Raster Design

Accessing the Raster Design Home Page

If you have an Internet connection, then you can access the Raster Design home page for information about product updates.

To access the Raster Design home page

■On the Image menu, select Raster Design Home Page. or click in the Raster Design toolbar.

About AutoCAD Raster Design dialog box

This dialog box provides you with the following information about Raster Design:

■Name of the licensed owner

■Serial number

■Source of the licence

Installation Requirements

For hardware and software system requirements, refer to System Requirements for a Single User or System Requirements for Network Installations.

If your computer does not meet the minimum requirements, you should upgrade your computer before installing Raster Design.

Supported Image Formats

Raster Design can support most single-image and multispectral file formats. For multispectral files, Raster Design can read most common formats, but can best interpret metadata for the formats listed in the following table.

Image Formats Supported by Raster Design

Image Portability

Whether you can open a Raster Design drawing in another Autodesk application depends on the type of image included in the drawing:

AutoCAD image objects can be displayed in the standard version of other Autodesk products such as AutoCAD 2008 and AutoCAD Map 3D. The format of this image type can be

■1-bit bitonal

■4- or 8-bit grayscale

■8-bit index color

■24-bit true color

Raster Design image objects can be displayed in other Autodesk products that include the Raster Design Object Enabler. The format of this image type can be

■ single-band floating-point digital elevation model (DEM)

■16or 32-bit single-band integer

■8- or 16-bit multiband multispectral

The Raster Design Object Enabler can be installed from the main Install page of the application CD for AutoCAD Raster Design, or from the Autodesk Object Enabler website (http://www.autodesk.com/aecobjenabler). The following applications support the Raster Design Object Enabler:

■AutoCAD® 2010

■AutoCAD® Architectural Desktop 2010

■AutoCAD® Civil 3D® 2010

■AutoCAD® Electrical 2010

■AutoCAD® Map 3D 2010

■AutoCAD® Mechanical 2010

■AutoCAD® MDE 2010

■AutoCAD® Topobase 2010

AutoCAD Raster Design History

AutoCAD Raster Design was formerly known as CAD Overlay.

Raster Design History

CAD Overlay 1.0 was introduced in 1988 for AutoCAD Release 2.6. CAD Overlay was the first application to display raster in AutoCAD for “heads up digitizing” of scanned drawings.

CAD Overlay ESP, introduced in 1989, allowed editing and plotting of scanned images. This release was the first to be available in French, German and Italian versions. A Japanese version followed in 1991.

CAD Overlay GS, introduced in 1991, supported grayscale imagery in AutoCAD.

CAD Overlay ESP 4.0 was introduced in 1992 for AutoCAD Release 12.

CAD Overlay GSX was introduced in 1993, and in 1994 the LFX (line following extension) function broke new ground in raster to vector conversion.

CAD Overlay S7.5 shipped in 1996, the first ObjectARX application that supported AutoCAD Release 13c4. This release combined the functionality of ESP, LFX, and GSX.

CAD Overlay S8 and Autodesk CAD Overlay Release 14 were introduced worldwide in 1997.

CAD Overlay 14.01, introduced in 1998, was the first AEC Product to become Object ARX compliant, and also introduced the first ActiveX interface in CAD Overlay, which adds the ability to customize CAD Overlay through the AutoCAD Visual Basic Editor.

CAD Overlay 2000, introduced in 1999 as part of the Design 2000 family, focused on raster editing enhancements.

CAD Overlay 2000i, introduced in 2000, focused on vectorization enhancements. Powerful “VTools” enhancements increased the speed and accuracy of converting raster geometry to vector.

CAD Overlay 2002, introduced in 2001, was an AutoCAD 2002-enabled version of CAD Overlay 2000i.

Raster Design 3, introduced in 2002, focused on improving the appearance and standardizing the use of color images, and enabling the interactive conversion of scanned text to AutoCAD text. Improved features also enabled the correction of distortions in images with greater accuracy.

Raster Design 2004, introduced in 2003, was an AutoCAD 2004-enabled version, including improved installation and licensing features, as well as True Color support.

Raster Design 2005, introduced in 2004, was based on AutoCAD 2005 and supports a larger range of image types, including digital elevation models (DEM) and multispectral datatypes. Image analysis and display capabilities were improved.

Raster Design 2006, introduced in 2005, was based on AutoCAD 2006 and included new image capture functionality and new raster editing tools. New write formats introduced in this release were GeoTIFF and JPEG 2000.

Raster Design 2007, introduced in 2006, was based on AutoCAD 2007 and designed for greater interoperability with Autodesk Map 3D. This release included support for new file formats ESRI GRID and DTED.

Raster Design 2008, introduced in 2007, was based on AutoCAD 2008.

Raster Design 2009, introduced in 2008, was based on AutoCAD 2009.

Use the ProdNameShort insertion tools to insert images into AutoCAD drawings and assign color maps; use correlation tools to precisely position, scale, and rotate images.

Inserting Images

You can use ProdNameShort to insert images for many different supported image types (page 399) and formats into an AutoCAD drawing.

You can insert images from local folders, network locations, or from the Internet.

ProdNameShort provides three ways to insert an image:

■Use the Insert Image (page 338) dialog box to select the image, assign a color map, and specify a correlation method. In this dialog box, you can also preview the image and information such as file type, color depth, density, and size. Shortcuts are provided to various file locations, including Buzzsaw.com and a History folder, which displays the locations you have used most recently.

■Use the Image Data (page 332) view of the Image Manager toolspace to create another insertion of an image that is already in the drawing. For more information, see Creating Another Insertion of an Image (page 70).

■Bypass the Insert Image dialog box by setting the AutoCAD FILEDIA variable to 0, which allows you to insert an image by typing an image file name on the command line. This method is useful if you already have correlation data stored with your images, or if you want to use an AutoLISP routine to automatically insert images into your drawing.

When you use ProdNameShort to open image files from the Internet, the image file you specify is downloaded to your computer and inserted into your drawing using the correlation method you select. Images downloaded from an HTTP site are opened as read-only files. You can edit the image and save it locally. Images opened from FTP sites can be saved back to their original locations.

NOTE When you insert a bitonal image, ProdNameShort looks for the foreground color in the correlation source selected. If it cannot find the color information, then the foreground color defaults to the current color.

See also:

■Correlating an Image During Insertion (page 21)

■Inserting Images From GSX or ESP (page 256)

■Assigning a Color Map to an Image (page 18)

Inserting Local Images Using the Insert Image Dialog

Box

Use the Insert Image dialog box to insert images from a folder on your computer or from a source on the local area network.

After selecting the image, you can view information about the image, and specify a correlation method.

See also:

■Selecting an Image (page 79)

■Assigning a Color Map to an Image (page 18)

■Correlating an Image During Insertion (page 21)

■Image Insertion Dialog Box (page 325)

To insert images from local sources

1 Click Image menu Insert.

2In the Insert Image (page 338) dialog box, navigate to the folder where the image is located using one of the following methods:

■Choose the drive and folder using standard Windows navigation procedures.

■Click an icon on the Places List on the left side of the dialog box to navigate directly to a location such as My Documents, the Desktop, or the Favorites folder.

3In the Files of Type box, choose the file format of the images you want to insert.

NOTE If you want to insert more than one image type at a time, select All Images.

4From the list of images, choose the image(s) you want to insert. You can use standard Windows selection methods to select more than one image at a time, or Click the Favorites button to choose a shortcut to an image in a familiar location.

5To view information about an image, such as file type and creation date, before you insert it, click Views Information.

6To display a preview of the image, click Views Preview. Click Open.

This preview setting is especially useful if you are inserting a multi-frame image, as it enables you to preview each frame of the image set.

NOTE When you insert more than one image at a time, the default correlation information is used for the images. The images are inserted automatically into the drawing and the Correlation Wizard is not displayed.

7In the Insert Options section, choose a correlation method:

■Quick Insert automatically inserts the image using correlation values embedded in the image file, correlation data stored in a separate file, or using default correlation values.

■Insertion Wizard divides the insertion process into a series of steps that can vary depending on image type: assigning a color map, specifying a correlation source, setting various positioning values, and transforming coordinate systems. This method is recommended for new or intermediate users.

■Insertion Dialog provides the same functions as the Insertion Wizard, but without the step-by-step process. You can change settings on the

tabs of the dialog box in any order, then apply them to the image. This method is recommended for advanced users.

8If you want to display only the frame (page 389) of the image you insert, select the Show Frames Only check box.

9If you are inserting multiple images that you want to view as a multispectral set, select Treat as Multispectral.

10To zoom to the extents of the image(s) you insert after correlation, select Zoom to Image(s).

11After configuring the insert options, select the image or images to insert.

12If you are inserting a multi-frame image, under Multi-frame Options, specify whether to insert only the first frame, all frames, or a selection of frames. If you choose the latter, you will see the Multi-frame Select Dialog Box (page 341) after you click Open.

13Click Open to insert the image or images.

Quick Reference

Menu

Image Insert

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

iinsert

Dialog Box

Insert Image Dialog Box (page 338)

Inserting an Image from the Internet Using the Insert Image Dialog Box

Use the Insert Image dialog box to insert an image file from the Internet.

Many Internet connections require you to enter a valid user name and password before accessing the Internet. ProdNameShort prompts you to enter this information.

Some of the ProdNameShort custom image formats may not be insertable from an internet connection.

NOTE Images inserted from an HTTP site are opened as read-only images.

See also:

■Assigning a Color Map to an Image (page 18)

■Correlating an Image During Insertion (page 21)

■Image Insertion Dialog Box (page 325)

To insert an image file from the Internet

1Click Image menu Insert.

2In the Insert Image (page 338) dialog box, do one of the following:

■Click the Search the Web icon at the top of the dialog box to navigate the Internet using AutoCAD’s Browse the Web-Open dialog box.

■Click the History icon in the Places List at the left of the dialog box to navigate to Internet locations where you’ve recently downloaded or stored images.

■Click the Buzzsaw icon in the Places List at the left of the dialog box to navigate to Buzzsaw.com where you can view current construction projects in Internet Explorer.

3If you selected Search the Web in step 2, enter the complete URL of the file in the File Name text box, then click Open.

4Click Open.

NOTE Include the Transfer Protocol (i.e., http:// or ftp://) and the extension (i.e.,

.jpg or .tif) of the file you want to open.

Quick Reference

Menu

Image Insert

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

iinsert

Dialog Box

Insert Image Dialog Box (page 338)

Inserting an Image from an FTP Site Using the Insert Image Dialog Box

Use the Insert Image dialog box to insert an image file from an FTP site on the Internet.

Unlike images from HTTP sites, images inserted from FTP sites can be saved back to their original location.

See also:

■Assigning a Color Map to an Image (page 18)

■Correlating an Image During Insertion (page 21)

■Image Insertion Dialog Box (page 325)

To insert an image file from an FTP site

1Click Image menu Insert.

2In the Insert Image (page 338) dialog box, click the FTP icon in the Places List.

3Click Tools menu Add/Modify FTP Locations. The Add/Modify FTP Locations dialog box appears.

4In the Name of FTP Site text box, type the name of the FTP server.

5In the Log On As section, choose either Anonymous or User.

If you select the User option, enter a username in the combo box.

6Enter a password in the Password text box.

7Click Add.

8Click OK to return to the Insert Image dialog box.

9Navigate to the FTP site using standard Windows navigation methods.

10On the list of images, choose the image(s) that you want to insert. You can use standard Windows selection methods to select more than one image at a time. The selected image(s) are listed in the File Name box.

NOTE If more than one kind of file with the same name is present in the folder, do not type in a filename with no extension.

11In the Insert Options section, choose a correlation method:

■Quick Insert automatically inserts the image using correlation values embedded in the image file, correlation data stored in a separate file, or using default correlation values.

■Insertion Wizard divides the insertion process into a series of steps that can vary depending on image type: assigning a color map, specifying a correlation source, setting various positioning values, and transforming coordinate systems. This method is recommended for new or intermediate users.

■Insertion Wizard divides the insertion process into a series of steps that can vary depending on image type: specifying a correlation source, setting various positioning values. This method is recommended for new or intermediate users.

■Insertion Dialog provides the same functions as the Insertion Wizard, but without the step-by-step process. You can change settings on the tabs of the dialog box in any order, then apply them to the image.

This method is recommended for advanced users.

12If you want to display only the frame of the image you insert, select the Show Frames Only check box.

13To zoom to the extents of the image(s) you insert after correlation, select the Zoom to Image(s) check box.

14To view information about an image before you insert it, choose Views Information to view information such as file type and creation date.

15To display a preview of the image, click Views Preview. Click Open.

NOTE When you insert more than one image at a time, the default correlation information is used for the images. The images are inserted automatically into the drawing and the Insertion Wizard is not displayed.

Quick Reference

Menu

Image Insert

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

iinsert

Dialog Box

Insert Image Dialog Box (page 338)

Inserting an Image Using the Command Line

You can bypass the Insert Image dialog box by using the command line.

Setting the AutoCAD FILEDIA variable to 0 allows you to insert an image by typing an image file name on the command line. This method is useful if you already have correlation data stored with your images, or if you want to use an AutoLISP routine to automatically insert images into your drawing.

When ProdNameShort locates the image, it inserts it into your drawing using correlation data stored with the image. If ProdNameShort cannot find a correlation file, the image is inserted using the information you defined in the Raster Design Options dialog box. For more information, see Image Defaults Tab (ProductNameShort Options Dialog Box) (page 351). ProdNameShort searches for a correlation source using the following order:

■ Resource file

■World file

■Tab file

■Image file

For more information about the AutoCAD FILEDIA variable, see the AutoCAD online Help or printed User’s Guide.

See also:

■Assigning a Color Map to an Image (page 18)

■Correlating an Image During Insertion (page 21)

■Image Insertion Dialog Box (page 325)

To insert an image when FILEDIA is <0>

1Click Image menu Insert.

2Do one of the following:

■Type the name of the image you want to insert and its file extension. Example: contour.rlc

If you do not specify a path to the image, ProdNameShort searches for the image using the Project Files Search Path configured in the AutoCAD Preferences dialog box. For more information, open the main Help window for Autodesk Civil 3D or Land Desktop, then select AutoCAD Help User’s Guide The User Interface Customize the Drawing Environment Set Interface Options.

■Type the path name of the image, the image name, and the file extension. Example: c:AutoCAD 2000cosamplecontour.rlc

ProdNameShort searches for the image in the path that you specify. If ProdNameShort cannot locate the image in this path, it searches for the image using the AutoCAD Project Files Search Path.

NOTE When FILEDIA is set to 0, you can type a tilde (~) to display the Insert Image dialog box if needed.

Adding Image Sources to Favorites

You can create shortcuts to provide quick access to the files or folders that contain your images.

When you select a folder, drawing, or other file and choose Add to Favorites, a shortcut to that item is added to the Favorites folder in the Windows system. The original file or folder doesn’t move. The shortcuts you create using AutoCAD DesignCenter can also be stored in Favorites.

A shortcut relies on a specific path, so it fails if the destination file or folder is moved or renamed. In that case, you need to create a new shortcut.

To add image sources to Favorites

1Click Image menu Insert.

The Insert Image (page 338) dialog box is displayed.

2Do one of the following:

■If the source is a file, folder, or Internet location, in the Insert Image dialog box, select the item, then click Tools menu Add to Favorites.

■If the source consists of DesignCenter palette contents, right-click the palette background and choose Add to Favorites. The container of the palette contents is added to the Favorites folder.

Quick Reference

Menu

Tools Add to Favorites

Dialog Box

Insert Image Dialog Box (page 338)

Assigning a Color Map to an Image

You typically assign a color map to an image at the time of insertion, but you can change the color map at any time, using the Image Manager toolspace.

Color maps apply primarily to digital elevation models (DEM) and multispectral images. ProdNameShort automatically assigns color maps to traditional bitmaps, tagged image files (TIFF) and other displayed images at the time of

insertion. When a DEM or multispectral image is inserted, ProdNameShort displays the appropriate dialog for configuring a color map.

DEM files use a palette color map, which has multiple settings that are configured in the Palette Color Map Definition Dialog Box (page 345). Palette color maps can be saved for reuse with other files.

NOTE To remove all unused color maps from a drawing, type ipurgecm at the command line.

Multispectral files use a band assignment color map, which simply assigns data bands to color channels. This type of color map is not saved, as it is quite easy to configure in the process of image insertion.

See also:

■ Assign Color Map Tab (Image Insertion Dialog Box) (page 325)

To assign a color map to an image

On the Color Map Assignment dialog box, do one of the following:

■For a palette color map, use the drop-down list to select a color map. If you want to edit, copy, or create a new color map, click the appropriate button to the right of the list, then use the Palette Color Map Definition (page 345) dialog box to make changes. If you do not want to insert the image into the display, clear the Insert Into Display check box.

■For a band assignment color map, use the three drop-down lists to specify a data band for each color channel. If you want to turn off one or more of the colors, clear the appropriate check boxes. If you do not want to insert the image into the display, clear the Insert Into Display check box.

Quick Reference

Menu

Click Image Insert. Then select Insertion Wizard or Insertion Dialog

Command Line

iinsert

Dialog Box

Assign Color Map Tab (Image Insertion Dialog Box) (page 325)

Creating New Images

You can create a new blank image for use with the image merge and vector merge tools.

When you create a new image, you begin by defining an image frame in the New Image (page 342) dialog box. After you have created a new image, you must save it to create a link between the drawing and the image file.

To create a new image

1Click Image menu New.

The New Image (page 342) dialog box is displayed.

NOTE If the Show New Image Dialog check box is cleared in the Raster Design Options dialog box, on the New Image tab, then you can access the command line interface. For more information, see New Image Tab (ProductNameShort Options Dialog Box) (page 354).

2Do one of the following to choose the AutoCAD properties of your image:

■Type the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the lower left corner of the image, and values for scale and rotation.

■Click Pick to select two points on the AutoCAD screen that are used to define these properties.

3In the Color Type area, select the color type of your new image, either Bitonal, Grayscale, Indexed Color, or True Color.

4In the Image Properties area, review the values for width, height, and density and modify them if required.

Specify width and height values using either image units (pixels) or surface units (meters, feet, etc.). You can use the Dots Per drop-down list to change surface units.

5Click OK to close the dialog box and create the new image.

Quick Reference

Menu

Image New

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

inew

Dialog Box

New Image Dialog Box (page 342)

Correlating Images

Use correlation procedures to precisely position, scale, and rotate an image within an AutoCAD drawing.

You can correlate an image during or after insertion. For instance, when using the Insertion Wizard, correlation data can be read from the image or from a file associated with the image. After you have inserted the image, you may want to rubbersheet the image to correct distortions that interfere with precise alignment of the image. Once you’ve aligned the image precisely, you can export correlation data for use in other drawings.

See also:

■Exporting Images (page 48)

■Correlation Output Types (page 54)

Correlating an Image During Insertion

You can choose from three methods to provide correlation data during insertion.

■Quick Insert automatically inserts the image using correlation values embedded in the image file, correlation data stored in a separate file, or using default correlation values.

■Insertion Wizard divides the insertion process into a series of steps that can vary depending on image type: assigning a color map, specifying a correlation source, setting various positioning values, and transforming coordinate systems. This method is recommended for new or intermediate users.

■Insertion Wizard divides the insertion process into a series of steps that can vary depending on image type: specifying a correlation source, setting various positioning values. This method is recommended for new or intermediate users.

■Insertion Dialog provides the same functions as the Insertion Wizard, but without the step-by-step process. You can change settings on the tabs of the dialog box in any order, then apply them to the image. This method is recommended for advanced users.

Using Quick Insert

You can use Quick Insert to perform automatic correlation during image insertion.

The Quick Insert option uses the correlation data stored with the image or in an associated file. ProdNameShort searches for a correlation data source using the following order:

1Resource file

2World file

3Tab file

4Image file

The highest order source is used to correlate the image after you click Open on the Insert Image dialog box. If ProdNameShort cannot find correlation data stored with the image, the image is inserted using the settings defined on the Image Defaults (page 351) tab of the Raster Design Options dialog box. For example, geographical maps are often used not in true scale, but in 1:1 scale. With ProdNameShort you can set the default value of the insertion point to 0,0, the scale to 1:1, and the rotation to 0, then use the Quick Insert method to make insertion quicker and more efficient.

To insert an image using Quick Insert

■In the Insert Options section of the Insert Image (page 338) dialog box, choose Quick Insert.

Quick Reference

Menu

Image Insert

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

iinsert

Dialog Box

Insert Image Dialog Box (page 338)

Specifying Correlation Settings

You can use either the Insertion Wizard or the Image Insertion (page 325) dialog box to provide correlation settings at the time of image insertion.

The Insertion Wizard is recommended for new or intermediate ProdNameShort users, as it walks you through the correlation settings in a logical sequence. The Image Insertion dialog box presents the same settings on several tabs so you can review and modify the settings in any order.

The tabs are as follows, though you may see only three or four of them, depending on image type and application environment:

■The Assign Color Map (page 325) tab is presented when inserting digital elevation model (DEM) files or multispectral images, as you can choose various color map options before insertion.

■The Source (page 326) tab displays correlation data from the current correlation source for the image.

■The Modify (page 327) tab displays the correlation values in fields that you can modify to correlate the image.

■The Transform (page 329) tab is presented only if ProdNameShort is running on a geographic application such as AutoCAD Map 3D. This tab is used to transform the coordinate system of an image.

■The Insertion (page 328) tab displays the revised correlation values, reflecting any changes you made on the Modify and Transform tabs. Use this tab to review the settings before insertion and to select a color for the image frame or the foreground of a bitonal image.

To use the Insertion Wizard

1In the Insert Options section of the Insert Image dialog box, choose Insertion Wizard.

2After you have chosen your insert option and image file name, click Open.

3If applicable, choose a color map for the image.

4On the Pick Correlation Source panel, select a correlation source and review the displayed correlation settings.

For correlation sources other than Image Default and Image File, the full path for the listed source is displayed for you to verify that the proper correlation file is being read. If you find that the desired correlation source is not available, you should cancel the insertion process and set the correlation path in the Raster Design Options (page 351) dialog box, or copy the correlation file to a new folder.

5Click Next. The Modify Correlation Values panel is displayed. Modify correlation values

6On the Modify (page 327) tab, in the Modify Correlation Values area, enter any required changes to the location of the insertion point, rotation, or scale.

The insertion point is the lower left corner of the image in the drawing.

The scale value represents the ratio of AutoCAD units to the scanned image units. A scale factor greater than 1 enlarges the image; a value less than 1 shrinks the image.

7Optionally choose new units of measurement from the Image Units list.

For example, if your image was scanned at 300 dpi, choose Inch as the density units. If density information was stored with the correlation source you selected, you cannot change this value.

8Click Next.

If the Transform panel is displayed, complete step 9 to 14; otherwise go to step 15.

Transform coordinate system

9Compare the coordinate systems of the image and of the current drawing, as displayed on the Transform (page 329) panel. If the two coordinate systems do not match, you should perform a coordinate transformation on the image to position it properly in the drawing.

10To convert the image coordinate system, select the Transform to Drawing’s Coordinate System check box; otherwise, go to step 14. If you are transforming the image, select the appropriate Transform Type:

■True (pixel by pixel): produces the most accurate results.

■4-Point Rubbersheet: approximate transformation, most accurate near the control points.

■3-Point Affine: replicates the transformation performed by FDO Connect.

11If known, enter the code for the image coordinate system, then go to step 14.

12Choose the coordinate system category used in your image from the list at the top of the dialog box.

13Choose the coordinate system used in your image from the Coordinate Systems in Category list.

14Click Next. The Insertion panel is displayed. Change AutoCAD insertion values

15Optionally, to change correlation values, do one of the following:

■To specify numeric values, type coordinates in the X, Y, and Z boxes to identify the insertion point in the drawing, and type any required changes to the rotation and scale values.

■to specify the insertion point (lower left corner), rotation, and scale on the screen, click the Pick button. The Pick button is dimmed if a coordinate transformation has been applied. For more information, go to Adjusting the Image Frame Before Insertion (page 27).

The ProdNameShort Insertion Wizard is modeless, which means you can leave the wizard open on your desktop and continue to grip-edit the image frame during correlation. Any grip editing changes that

you make to the image frame are reflected immediately in the Insertion Values dialog box.

16Optionally, to change the color of the image frame, under Color, click Select.

NOTE Inserting a bitonal image (page 382) changes the foreground color. When you insert a bitonal image, ProdNameShort first looks for the foreground color in the correlation source specified. If it cannot find the color information, the foreground color defaults to current color.

17Click Finish. The image is inserted into the drawing.

To use the Insertion dialog box

1In the Insert Options section of the Insert Image dialog box, choose Insertion dialog box.

2After you have chosen your insert option and image file name, click Open.

3In the Image Insertion dialog box, review and modify correlation data on the available tabs.

It is recommended that you review and modify data on the tabs from left to right: Assign Color Map, Source, Modify, Transform, then Insertion. Use the Source tab to see settings linked to the image, then modify the settings as required on the Modify and Transform tabs, finally review the results on the Insertion tab before inserting the image into the drawing. For more information about the settings on each tab, click the Help button on the tab or use the following links:

■Assign Color Map tab (page 325)

■Source tab (page 326)

■Modify tab (page 327)

■Transform tab (page 329)

■Insertion tab (page 328)

4On the Insertion tab, click Finish. The image is inserted into the drawing.

Adjusting the Image Frame Before Insertion

You can manually or numerically adjust the frame size, scale, and rotation before inserting an image into a drawing.

This procedure is useful if you do not know the exact coordinates for the image, but you have a general idea of the image location, size, and rotation angle.

As you draw the frame on screen, its size changes proportionally to retain the aspect ratio of the image.

To adjust the frame for the image you want to insert

1On the Insertion Tab (Image Insertion Dialog Box) (page 328), click Pick. The dialog box closes so you can select points on the screen.

2Specify an insertion point.

You can also enter coordinates on the command line, or, if correlation data is already specified, you can press Enter to accept the existing coordinates.

An outline of the frame is displayed, reflecting the aspect ratio of the image you are inserting.

3Enter the rotation angle or move the cursor to define the rotation angle. The Insertion tab displays the new coordinates, scale, and rotation.

4Specify the second corner point to define the size of the frame.

NOTE You can type UNDO to undo each point, and then specify the points again.

5If you are using the Insertion dialog box, click Apply; if you are using the Insertion Wizard, click Finish.

The image is inserted onto the current AutoCAD layer, and its correlation data is saved in the AutoCAD drawing. The next time you open the drawing, the image is displayed.

NOTE You can select the frame and use grip(s) (page 390) or AutoCAD commands to size, move, or rotate the image while the Insertion Wizard is open.

Correlating an Image After Insertion

You can adjust the size and location of an image at any time after inserting it into a drawing.

For instance, you may need to correct distortions caused by scanning errors. There are several ways to ensure precise correlation of an inserted image:

■Match points on an image to points in your drawing in order to scale or rotate a raster image.

■Displace an image, to move it in reference to existing raster or vector entities without scaling or rotating it.

■Scale a raster image without rotating it.

■Rubbersheet an image to eliminate distortion and stretch or shrink a portion of your image to align with selected control points.

Matching Image Points

You can match points between two images or between an image and a vector drawing to change the image scale and position.

The image size and orientation change to align the selected match points.

To match image points

1 Click Image menu Correlate Match.

2Select one or more images to scale and rotate by clicking the image frames, then press Enter.

3Specify the first source point on the selected image.

NOTE You can select a point on the image frame by using object snaps, or you can select points on specific raster entities by using raster snaps.

4Specify the destination point where you want the first source point to move to.

5Specify the second source point on the selected image.

6Specify the destination point where you want the second source point to move to.

NOTE If you are using AutoCAD Land Desktop, you can substitute COGO points by typing .p, .g, or .n when ProdNameShort prompts you to enter destination points. For more information, see Snapping to COGO Points (page 82).

Quick Reference

Menu

Image Correlate Match

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

imatch

Moving an Image

You can move an image without rotating or scaling it so that a base point on the image matches with a destination point on an existing vector entity or raster image.

To move an image

1 Click Image menu Correlate Displace.

2Select an image to move by clicking its image frame.

3Select the base point on the image you want to move.

NOTE You can select a point on the image frame by using object snaps, or you can select points on specific raster entities by using raster snaps.

4Select the destination point for the image. This can be any AutoCAD point, a point on an existing vector, or a point on a raster image.

Quick Reference

Menu

Image Correlate Displace

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

idisplace

Scaling an Image

You can match the scale of an image to the scale of a vector drawing or another image.

To scale an image

1 Click Image menu Correlate Scale.

2Select an image to scale by clicking its image frame.

3Select a base point for the scale. This point acts as an anchor point for the image as its dimensions are scaled.

NOTE You can select a point on the image frame by using object snaps, or you can select points on specific raster entities by using raster snaps.

4Define the source distance factor by typing a value or by selecting two points to define the distance.

For example, if you want to match the scale of one image to another image, select two points on the source image that you want to match with points on the image that is correctly scaled.

5Define the destination distance by typing a value or by picking two points to define the distance.

For example, select two points on the correctly scaled image that you want the source image to align with. If the source and destination distance factors are the same value, then the image will not be scaled.

NOTE If you want to match the image rotation, use the Deskew option. If you want to move or scale the image as well as rotate the image, use the Match option. For more information, see Snapping to COGO Points (page 82) and Correlating an Image After Insertion (page 28).

Quick Reference

Menu

Image Correlate Scale

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

iscale

Rubbersheeting an Image

You can transform an image to correct distortions in distance and shape.

Image distortions can sometimes prevent you from aligning an image in your drawing. For example, correlation by scanning or matching may not work on aerial photographs that include distortions caused by parallax, unevenness of terrain, or lens distortion. In these cases, you can use rubbersheeting to permanently correct most of the distortions in an image.

Rubbersheeting uses a set of matched control points, consisting of source points in the image and destination points in the drawing. You can specify these points by picking them directly in the drawing, or by establishing a grid of destination points, to which you match source points. Once these control points are established, the image is transformed so that the points align as closely as possible.

NOTE If you are using AutoCAD Land Desktop, you can substitute COGO points by typing .p, .g, or .n when ProdNameShort prompts you to enter destination points. For more information, see Snapping to COGO Points (page 82).

There are two transformation methods you can use to correct your image:

■The Triangular method draws a series of triangles between the control points, then applies the transformation to those areas. This process uses the Delaunay triangulation method in which no point lies inside the circle that includes the vertices of any triangle. Each triangular area is transformed separately, so this method is much more accurate than the polynomial method, but can result in the loss of some image data. The area to be transformed, called the convex hull, is defined by the outermost destination points. Image data outside the convex hull is discarded. You can see which portion of the image will be transformed using the Preview. If you want to preserve more of the image data, place control points near the extents of the image.

■The Polynomial method transforms the entire image to match, as nearly as possible, the control points you specify. Unlike the triangular method, however, the actual destination points are not always located at the destination points you specified. The resulting positional error is expressed as a numerical value in the Rubbersheet dialog box, and is displayed graphically on the image after the control points have been entered. As shown in the following figure, the error for each point is measured as a distance from the intended destination point to the actual destination point.

The error is calculated using the following distance formula:

The total RMS (Root Mean Square) error of the image is calculated using the following formula:

By adjusting the polynomial degree, you can increase the accuracy of the matching points. However, reducing the error can create a higher degree of warping in the image as it is transformed to match the control points. Therefore, you should use the lowest possible polynomial degree that will still give you an acceptable result. Higher polynomial degrees result in smaller errors at the control points, but more warping at locations away from the control points.

The following table lists the maximum polynomial degrees possible for ranges of control points. For example, if you select 12 control points, the maximum polynomial degree you can select is 3. When the minimum number of control points is used for a particular polynomial degree, the reported errors at the control points will be zero.

ProdNameShort does not limit the number of control points you can use.

The Preview tool allows you to see the extents of the transformed image before you actually apply the changes. The convex hull of destination points is displayed in red, while the convex hull of source points is shown in blue.

Using four points to rubbersheet (e.g., four corners of an image) usually results in error at these points. In some applications, such as when rubbersheeted images will be tiled, this error may be unacceptable. To eliminate this error, you can change the polynomial equation so that a zero error condition results from the use of four points rather than three points. This change is made in the system registry. For complete instructions, go to the ProdNameShort Support website (http://www.autodesk.com/rasterdesign-support) and search on the term “4 point rubbersheet”.

NOTE Rubbersheeting is best suited for making minor transformations to an image. For best results, start with a comprehensive and accurate network of survey control points, then use match and scale before rubbersheeting to get the image as close to the desired results as possible. It is also helpful to get a good spread of the control points over the entire image. Where you don’t have control points, you can specify anchor points.

TIP If you prefer to use the command line to rubbersheet your images, type -irsheet.

NOTE Use the match feature to get the image as close as possible to the desired result before you begin rubbersheeting.

To rubbersheet an image

1 Click Image menu Correlate Rubbersheet.

2Select the image to rubbersheet.

NOTE If there is only one image in the current drawing, that image is automatically selected.

3On the Rubbersheet dialog box, select a method: Triangular or Polynomial.

4Choose one of the following rubbersheeting methods:

■Manually add control points by picking directly from the image. Follow steps 5 to 8.

■Create a grid of destination points to which you can match source points. Follow steps 9 to 15.

■Import a list of saved control points by clicking the Import button and choosing the .txt file from the Open dialog box.

NOTE When you click OK, Rubbersheet automatically saves the last control points you enter to a file named LASTRS.txt in your Temp folder.

The Rubbersheet dialog box displays the exact coordinates of each source point and destination point, and the amount of error (if any).

Pick control points

5 Click the Add Points button.

The Rubbersheet dialog box disappears and ProdNameShort prompts you to select the first source point. You must select at least three pairs of source points and destination points.

6Select the first source point for the first control point on the image.

NOTE You can select points on specific raster entities by using raster snaps.

7Do one of the following:

■Specify the destination point to which the source point should be moved.

■Type a to anchor the selected point where it is.

■Type u to undo the point and select the point again.

NOTE If you are using AutoCAD Land Desktop, you can substitute COGO points by typing .p, .g, or .n when ProdNameShort prompts you to enter destination points. For more information, see Snapping to COGO Points (page 82).

8Select at least three more pairs of source and destination points, and then press Enter to return to the Rubbersheet dialog box. Go to step 16.

9Click the Grid Points button.

The Rubbersheet dialog box disappears and the Grid Parameters dialog box appears.

10In the Points section, choose how many rows and columns of points you want to comprise the grid.

The total number of points in the grid is displayed at the bottom of the Points section.

11In the Grid section, enter the X and Y origins of the grid, or click the Pick button to choose the grid origin directly from the drawing (pressing Enter to return to the Grid Parameters dialog box).

12In the Cell section, enter the X and Y sizes to determine the distance between columns and rows (respectively), or click the Pick button to draw a two-point rectangle representing the cell size directly in the drawing (pressing Enter to return to the Grid Parameters dialog box).

13Click the Preview button to see a representation of the grid in the drawing (pressing Enter to return to the Grid Parameters dialog box).

14Click the Add Points button to match source points to the grid of destination points.

The Grid Parameters dialog box disappears and ProdNameShort automatically pans to the first destination point.

NOTE You can select points on specific raster entities by using raster snaps.

15Do one of the following:

■Click to enter a corresponding source point for the current destination point.

■Type a to anchor the selected point where it is.

■Type s to skip to the next destination point. ProdNameShort will return to this point when the other destination points have been matched to source points.

■Type u to undo the point and select the point again. ProdNameShort automatically pans to the next point until all of the destination points have been matched to source points.

16If you selected Polynomial as the transformation method, and you entered six or more control points, you can adjust the polynomial Degree value.

This decreases error by increasing the degree to which an image can be transformed in order to match control points.

NOTE It is a good idea to use the lowest possible polynomial degree that will still give you an acceptable result. Higher polynomial degrees result in smaller errors at the control points, but also result in more warping at places where there are no control points.

17If you want to view a specific point, select that point from the list of control points, and then click the Zoom To button to view the point in the drawing.

18If you want to adjust a specific point, select that point from the list of control points, and then click the Repick button to enter a new control point.

NOTE Select the Auto Zoom check box if you want AutoCAD to zoom in to the selected control point when you use Repick.

19If you want to remove a specific control point from the list, select that point from the list of control points, and then click the Delete button.

20Click the Preview button to see the extents of the transformed image before you actually apply the changes. The convex hull of destination points is displayed in red, while the convex hull of source points is shown in blue. Press Enter to return to the Rubbersheet dialog box.

21Click the Export button to save your control point set to a .txt file for later use.

NOTE You can import the saved control points to rubbersheet other images, such as superimposed images for the same drawing.

22Click OK to perform the rubbersheet.

If you do not get the results you want, use the UNDO command and try again. Use the match feature to get the image as close as possible to the desired result. For more information, see Undoing Edits to an Image (page 81).

Quick Reference

Menu

Image Correlate Rubbersheet

Raster Design Toolbar

Command Line

irsheet

Dialog Box

Grid Parameters Dialog Box (page 315)